User:Jogruber/sandbox

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I think that the introduction section could be more detailed. I think it would be important to add the normal frequency range for normal males before and after puberty as well as more detailed information about how vocal folds normally mature.

I would also like to add to the "causes" section and add a new section titled "assessment".

Puberphonia
Lead:

Puberphonia is the characterized by the habitual use of a high-pitched voice after puberty once the vocal folds have reached adult size. It is a condition that predominantly affects males and most often arises during adolescence. There are three main variants of puberphonia related to the level of anatomical change. The most common presentation of the condition is characterized by a normal adult larynx and an increased pitch due to the vocal folds adopting the falsetto position. A second variant can occur when the laryngeal development is prolonged during puberty. Lastly, puberphonia can occur due to an incomplete transformation of the larynx into the adult form.

As spontaneous recovery is rare, the condition often requires voice therapy training, larynx manipulation, or surgery to correct.

Signs and Symptoms:

During puberty, changes in the larynx typically result in a decrease in pitch in both males and females. On average, the male voice deepens by one octave while the female voice lowers by a few semitones. The fundamental frequency (pitch) of an adult female typically falls between 165 to 255 Hz and an adult male between 85 and 180 Hz. Anatomical changes during puberty include enlargement of the larynx for both sexes. However, the larynx descends and grows significantly larger in males which often results in a visible laryngeal prominence on the neck (Adam’s Apple). Additionally, male vocal folds become longer and thicker and resonant cavities become larger. These changes contribute to a deepening of the voice characteristic of pubescent males.

Puberphonia is characterized by the failure to transition into the lower pitched voice of adulthood. In conjunction with an atypically high pitch, common symptoms include a weak, breathy, or hoarse voice as well as a low vocal intensity, pitch breaks, and shallow breathing.

Editing the Puberphonia lead section:

Puberphonia (also known as mutational falsetto or functional falsetto) is a type of voice disorder characterized by the habitual use of a high-pitched voice after puberty. Typically, individuals with puberphonia do not present with underlying anatomical abnormalities. Instead, the disorder stems from inappropriate use of the voice mechanism. The habitual use of a high pitch while speaking is associated with tense muscles surrounding the vocal folds.

Voice therapy performed by a speech-language pathologist (S-LP), is usually effective in treating puberphonia. Both direct and indirect treatment options can help improve functional voice disorders like puberphonia.