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Draft of an article on Reed making

Reed making (also known as reedmaking) is the art of making double reeds, or less commonly single reeds, for playing instruments such as the oboe, cor anglais, oboe d'amore, bassoon, contrabassoon, or clarinet. Reed making for oboe, bassoon, and clarinet differs greatly. For oboe, reed making generally involves the process of gouging, shaping, tying (or wrapping), and scraping cane, although oboists can buy reeds at any stage. In addition, within these broad categories, there are several smaller tasks, each of which can be done quite differently depending on the oboist and what kind of reed they are looking for. In fact, every single stage of reed making has many different ways to complete the task. The predominant reed making style is the one that came out of Philadelphia, headed by Marcel Tabuteau, John de Lancie, Richard Woodhams, and others.Common tools in oboe reed making include a splitter, a guillotine, a pre-gouger, a gouging machine, a shaper tip, thread, razor blades, knives, mandrels, and easels. Reed making is often considered a difficult, but necessary experience.

(Notes on Bassoon reed making)

(Notes on Clarinet reed making)

Oboe reed making
Making oboe reeds, usually taught to students when they reach an intermediate level, usually takes several years to learn and even longer to master.

Gouging
= Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay =

= Play It Again, Dick = {{Infobox television Comedy 1080i (HDTV) Dolby Digital 5.1 Kristen Bell Robert Buckley Francis Capra Enrico Colantoni Jason Dohring Christopher B. Duncan }}
 * name = Play It Again, Dick
 * image =
 * caption =
 * genre = Meta humor
 * picture_format = 480i (SDTV)
 * audio_format = Stereo
 * runtime = 8–12 minutes
 * creator = Rob Thomas
 * starring = Ryan Hansen
 * narrated =
 * executive_producer = Rob Thomas
 * location =
 * opentheme =
 * country = United States
 * language = English
 * company = Rob Thomas Productions
 * network = CW Seed
 * first_aired = {{start date|2014|9|16}}
 * last_aired = {{end date|2014|11|4}}
 * num_seasons = 1
 * num_episodes = 8
 * list_episodes =

Play It Again, Dick is an American meta comedy web television series that was released on The CW's online platform, CW Seed, on September 16, 2014. It functions as a short spin-off series of the teen noir show Veronica Mars, which aired between 2004 and 2007; the show contains appearances by most of the original starring cast. The series follows a fictionalized version of Ryan Hansen as he attempts to convince his Veronica Mars cast-mates to participate in a spin-off centered around his character, Dick Casablancas. The series was created and executive produced by Rob Thomas, produced by Danielle Stolzyk, written by Thomas and Bob Deaden, and directed by Viet Nguyen.

Production
The origin of the series was connected to the production and release of the film adaptation of Veronica Mars. The digital division of Warner Bros. initially approached Hansen with the idea of a Dick-centered series, intended to promote the film. Most of the original starring cast responded to the concept agreeably and decided to participate. The CW was open to the premise for the series. However, Thomas was reluctant to be involved in the project, as he was engaged in other pursuits, including the Veronica Mars film and several television pilots. Because he almost did not agree to produce the project, it was almost cancelled; the network brought in several of Thomas's acquaintances to write and direct in order to lighten the creator's workload.

Thomas thought that the filming would be a casual affair. He stated in an interview, "I honestly thought we would do it in a day and it would be like Ryan Hansen's sitting on a couch playing Xbox and you just rotate the other five or six cast members and it would just be them chatting, like three or four minutes of funny chatting on a couch. When I said yes, that's what I imagined. When I showed up at the first production meeting and they had given us so much more money and they had such higher expectations." The filming schedule for the entire series lasted for eight days at the beginning of August 2014, with Hansen recalling that the cast and crew shot 14 script pages a day. On returning to the character of Dick, Hansen said, "Once you play Dick, he develops inside of you."

The CW announced the decision to produce a Veronica Mars spinoff on January 15, 2014, although its release date was unclear at that point. Network executive Mark Pedowitz noted that a premise had not been decided upon at that point and that "[Thomas] talked about potential people being involved, but he didn't commit to anybody." When asked for a brief description of the series by Alan Sepinwall, Thomas responded:

"'The web series will have more in common with Party Down tonally, but it will be about Ryan Hansen, or at least a version of Ryan Hansen, deciding to capitalize on the current 'Veronica Mars' heat to get his own series on the air. He'll try to pull his actor pals into the venture with varying degrees of success.'"

To play the role of Duncan Kane, Thomas tried to contact original actor Teddy Dunn, who had left acting to become a lawyer. Dunn was initially open to appearing in the series, stating "I would have actually liked to have done it, see everybody and catch up and have some fun." He did not specify why he refused the offer but also said that he was very hesitant to return to the role in any canonical appearance. The role was later given to Ryan Devlin who had previously appeared on the show.

An official press release about Play It Again, Dick and the network's other upcoming digital series was disseminated on May 5, 2014; it included a short synopsis of the show and set a vague release date of "later this summer". According to one news outlet, the press release showed the fledgling series' capacity for self-referential humor and numerous celebrity guest appearances. A 20-second teaser trailer for the first episode was released on YouTube on September 8. A longer trailer was distributed on September 12, which featured an extended parody of the marketing campaign for The Newsroom.

Cast
On August 12, 2014, the website BuzzFeed presented a cast list for the series, which included a variety of Veronica Mars cast members. According to the report, several former Veronica Mars cast members would return as both their characters and themselves, including Kristen Bell, Jason Dohring, Enrico Colantoni, Percy Daggs III, Daran Norris, Francis Capra, Kyle Gallner, and Christopher B. Duncan. Chris Lowell, Ken Marino, Amanda Noret, and Lisa Thornhill all appeared in the original series but portrayed only themselves or their characters in Play It Again, Dick. In addition, Robert Buckley and Rose McIver, two members of the main cast of iZombie, Thomas's new series, portrayed characters in the web series. In addition, Ryan Devlin, who had previously acted as rapist Mercer Hayes in the show's third season, portrayed himself and Duncan Kane in the web series. Slate noted that one notable absence from the cast list was Tina Majorino, who portrayed series regular Cindy "Mac" Mackenzie.

Reception
Although the CW Seed does not release viewing figures for episodes, Pedowitz stated that the pilot episode's premiere was the best ever for the network ratings-wise.

The review aggregator Metacritic does not currently have an average score but lists two reviews, both of which it considers to be mixed. Mike Hale of The New York Times thought that the difference in tone between Veronica Mars and Play It Again, Dick was the most interesting aspect about the web series, writing that it had a "broader, coarser, self-mocking style". Giving his overall opinion on the series, the reviewer opined, "For a short-form digital series, 'Play It Again, Dick' is fairly amusing." However, he found that Thomas and the cast often used the series as a means of self-promotion. In an article for TV.com, Kaitlin Thomas gave the first episode a very positive review, writing that it "does not disappoint." She thought that small details and jokes were the core of the series but that one should experience these firsthand. She concluded, "the idea of Dick-centric series shouldn't work, but ultimately does."

Flavorwire gave the series a mixed-to-positive review. The reviewer stated, "It’s an odd little web series, not just because of its mere existence, but because it doesn’t exactly have an interesting narrative, nor does it have anything to add to the Veronica Mars universe. Despite all that, the first two episodes manage to fully entertain." Although the reviewer criticized the series as relatively directionless and pointless, he thought that it would satisfy fans of the original series through its in-jokes. Miriam Krule of Slate thought that the plot of the series was thin and did not live up to its parent series. "So yes, the plot is sparse and the jokes are old, but, honestly, if you’re watching this Samsung ad disguised as a Web series, you don’t really care about the plot." Esther Zuckerman of Entertainment Weekly thought that the show would be best suited to those who liked the Veronica Mars cast, not the show itself. The reviewer also criticized the tone of the series, writing, "For a show that’s attempting to skewer Hollywood egos, there’s something just a tad egomaniacal about the whole enterprise. [...] it lacks the bite of [Party Down], which was realistic in its depiction of the inherent disappointment involved in pursuing a career in Hollywood."

Episodes
Paige Jennings is a fictional character from the FX drama series The Americans. Created by series creator Joe Weisberg and portrayed by Holly Taylor since the show's pilot episode, Paige is the teenage daughter of protagonists Philip (Matthew Rhys) and Elizabeth Jennings (Keri Russell).

Season 1
In the first season finale "The Colonel", Paige is left in care of the Beemans supposedly because of Elizabeth's sick great-aunt, but in reality, their absence is due to Elizabeth's gunshot wound. However, Paige is actually suspicious of her parents' disappearance, so she returns to her house and searches in vain for clues.

Season 2
In the finale, "Echo", Philip and Elizabeth learn that despite the failure of the first attempt to recruit a "second-generation illegal", the KGB expects Paige to be the next candidate. The couple both vehemently oppose the idea, but Elizabeth starts to admit some attraction to it in the season's final scene.

Casting
Paige is portrayed by American actress Holly Taylor. After appearing in Billy Elliot the Musical on Broadway for several years, Taylor and her parents decided to move to Los Angeles and begin temporarily homeschooling to give her a chance to develop her acting skills.

Characterization
FX's official character description describes her as someone whose parents' secret "completely unraveled the fabric of her life" and puts forward that her central internal conflict is to "confront the true boundaries of trust." Yahoo.com listed her basic character traits as "suspicious and savvy". After Philip and Elizabeth reveal their true identities to Paige, she loses a grasp on her national identity "in tiny increments", according to Vulture. Over the course of season four, Paige becomes more like her mother, and by the end of the season, she has learned how to use some manipulative techniques. Philip "can see the transformation she's undergone" and has a mixed reaction to it. According to The Wall Street Journal, Paige is a "poster child for straight-laced rebellion" in the 1980s. According to Taylor, Paige's Christianity and desire to become baptized functioned both to "make her feel like herself for once, and know who she is" and to rebel against her parents."

Taylor described her character's revelation about her parents as a turning point in her character development, stating that "it really hurt Paige to find out" and that it made her lose her senses of family and security. The actress also noted that Paige's feelings about this knowledge were more similar to "an emotional journey" than just anger.

Acting
When asked about her reaction to becoming an important part of the show in season three, Taylor responded, "It’s really fun. I try not to think of it as being the actual center because there’s so many story lines going on and it’s so complicated, and also I don’t want to stress myself out." In the same interview, Taylor expressed her desire for Paige to know her parents' country of origin. After receiving the the script for the episode "Stingers", in which Elizabeth and Philip reveal their secret to Paige, Taylor reported being very excited and speechless.