User:JohnDR/cs

= CS =
 * http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa388745.aspx

ide / keyboard shortcuts

 * Ctrl+Shift+Space - intellisense - For help (e.g. format), "string format" is a bold after ".WriteLine(". use "string format" in index help.
 * Ctrl+space
 * Always use the bin/ directory (not the obj/)
 * Could refactor your code automatically
 * Task List view -> searches for comments with "TODO" and "TASK"
 * Press tab,tab during intellisense. Also, Insert Snippet (Right click). There is also a Code Snippet Manager (Tools).
 * Snippy - gotdotnet.com - Manage snippet xml.

#region Name_name ......    #endregion c:\windows\assembly in HD Access this via .net configuration (control panel). The Key is also found here ngen.exe install file.dll  - Nativa code generator (Can only gen signed code). Cannot decompile this. caspol.exe                 - Code access security policy fuslogvw.exe               - Assembly binding Log Viewer  (Run fuslogvw, run file.exe, refresh fuslogvw) - Need to put a path in the log to disk. perfmon (windows standard) - Look at ".NET CLR memory" as Performance object. Then select the specific Counter.
 * Better than comments! (IDE thing)
 * "Property pages" -> Publish (For deployment)
 * Versioning: Major.Minor.Release.Build [2.0.0.1]
 * Strong Named Assembly... Add a "orgKey.snk" in the properties
 * GAC:
 * Other Utils:

Application Config File  -  "Add" application Config file (.ini file equivalent). Should be "app.config" filename.         Publish policy Machine.config
 * Assembly are searched in: (Assembly/.dll is usually 1:1 with namespace)

csc /? // Help csc /out:file.exe /t:exe|library /r:ref1.dll,ref2.dll file.cs
 * Compiling

Introduction
?? expr -> This is a "print(expr);". Shorthand for display returned value. ??? -> Need to check/not sure of the implementation 1.1 - Training Manual 2.0 - Visual Studio 2005 3.0 - Vista
 * My notation here:
 * "Lutz Roeder" - Reflector - decompile MSIL
 * "using" is not a #include.... so that you would not type the entire System. etc,
 * WebExpressions -> Layout of a web (another product)
 * CLR - Common Language Runtime (Virtual Machine)
 * MSIL-Microsoft Intermediate Language, JIT-Just in Time Compilation, Garbage Collection
 * PE - Portable Executable, GAC - Global Assembly Cache
 * IJW - It just works!
 * Metadata -> System.Reflection.Assembly  (e.g. [Assembly: ...])   "Assembly" is an attribute type
 * ErrorProvider (in Toolbox) - WinForms
 * See Course Book for ASP.NET in Module 3.
 * Versions:
 * Managed C# --> Managed C++; ---> Unmanaged C++  (Use the Manged C++ as a layer)

Public Equals            - (Overloaded) Determines whether two Object instances are equal Public GetHashCode       - hash function Public GetType           - Get the type of the object Public ReferenceEquals   - Determines if the specified Ibject are the same instance (same address) Public ToString          - Returns a string that represent the object. Override this if needed. - Special object method called internally if a function is requiring a string argument (and you passed the object as argument). Protected Finalize       - Allows Object to attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operation before the Object is reclaimed by garbage collection Protected MemberWiseClone - Creates a shallow copy of the current Object
 * System.Object (standard methods)

Value-type:    Stored in Stack - Exist only within the scope - Built-in Value Type - struct (User-Defined Value Types). Cannot have default constructor "". Struct works just like Class (difference in memory allocation). - enum (Enumerations) Reference-type: Stored in Heap - Garbage Collected - Allocated during "new" declaration. - All others / Objects, Class
 * memory:

Basic
bool  - System.Boolean  - true/false char  - System.Char     - Unicode 16 bit sbyte - System.SByte    - signed 8 bit integer short - System.Int16    - signed 16 bit integer int   - System.Int32    - signed 32 bit integer long  - System.Int64    - signed 64 bit integer byte  - System.Byte     - unsigned 8 bit integer ushort - System.UInt16  - unsigned 16 bit integer uint  - System.UInt32   - unsigned 32 bit integer ulong - System.UInt64   - unsigned 64 bit integer float - System.Single   - 32 bit double - System.Double  - 64 bit
 * Built-in types:

Public   - World (default: enum, interface) Protected - Including Derived Internal - within assembly -> .dll/.exe Private  - same class Class only (default: struct, class). Note: In C++ this is public. Protected Internal - protected OR internal (not and)
 * Accessibility


 * Polymorphic is when you assign baseclass=Derivedclass (No polymorphism in javascript bec it is untyped)

implicit: (small) char -> int  -> float  (big) explicit: (small) char <- int  <- float  (big)   - Bec some information could be lost
 * Casting

int   x=25;    double d=x;         // no error double x=36.7; int    z=(int)x;    // need to explicitly cast

dog = (Dog)a; dog = a as Dog;                    // same as above     (Dog, Cat is OBJECT)

if(a is Cat) { }                   // dynamic casting is happening if(a.GetType==typeof(Cat)) { }   // same as above

Overload implicit/explicit Conversion (if the objects are not related/inherited): static public implicit operator byte(digit d) {    // byte is object, digit is object return(d.Data); }   static public explicit operator digit(byte b) {     // bec digit is smaller than byte return(new digit(b)) }

objx s1 = new objx("ABC"); objx s2 = s1; objx s3 = new objx("ABC"); ?? object.referenceEquals(s1,s2)     // boolean TRUE  (object.equals) is the same as referenceequals??? // This is identity == ->  object.equals                 // Equality ?? object.equals(s1,s3);             // identity is FALSE, Equality is TRUE (Overload the .equals and == operator)
 * Identity/Equality, Overloading Operators

static bool operator==(objx lhs, objx rhs) { if((object)lhs==null) return false; return(lhs.Equals(rhs); } public override bool Equals(object obj) {     // use object so that polymorphism will take effect   if(obj==null || obj.GetType!=this.GetType)) return false; //        || (!(obj is student))  )       // Another way   student arg=obj as student;   return(this.name == arg.name &&  ..code.. ); }

Guidelines: * If overriding Equals override GetHashCode * If overloading ==, override Equals to use the same algorithm * If implementing IComparable, implement Equals * Equals, GetHashCode, and == operator should never throw exceptions * Overload != when overloading ==. != should be a ! of Equals.

Objects & Syntax

 * "static" method - class method.
 * non-static - instance method - object

foo(ref int x) { }   // as a pointer foo(out int x) { }   // out is out only. ref is in/out. default is in only.
 * Syntax:

const int rows=45;   // constant int x; object o=x;          // boxing int y=(int)o;        // unbox

virtual public int methodname { }    // identifies an overloadable method (base class) public override int methodname { }   // derived class override. Can only override virtual method. public new int methodname { }        // New methodname (not derived). Difference in polymorphic behavior. public abstract void method;         // Method is not defined in base class, it must be defined in derived class. public sealed override void method;  // Cannot use this in Base class. Any derived class cannot override Foo. public static void method;           // Can only accessed via the classname! public readonly int var;               // readonly, can be initialized in constructor public const int var=3;                // const: compile time constant. Const is always static. base.foo;                            // Calls the base ???

Type t=obj.Gettype;                    // Gets the type ??? params char[]                          // variable number of arguments ???

yield return(val);                     // New in 2.0. used inside IEnumerable function.

using System; namespace Days1 { public class Employee {                         // : Object   (derived from Object, implied) // Fields public static int globid=2;                 // This is a built in constructor. public string sex="Male";                   // This is also a constructor (default) private string name;
 * Basic Structure

// public static Employee { }                 // static constructor are called after a program begins running but before the 1st instance of the class is created. public Employee : this("Noname") { }      // Default Constructor, calls another constructor public Employee(string name) {              // Constructor this.name = name; }

public string getname {                     // Property set { name=value+" OK"; }               // value is a reserved word get { return("Mr "+name); } }       public int func_id(int id) {                 // Method globid = id; return (globid); }       public int func_id {                       // override for no arguments return (globid); }       public static Employee operator +(Employee c1, Employee c2) { }    // Creating operators }   public class Program {       public static void Main {             // Main Function Employee aa = new Employee; Employee bb = new Employee("Fred"); Console.WriteLine("Hello {0} {1}", aa.getname, aa.func_id(43));  // Hello Mr Noname 43 Console.WriteLine("Hello {0} {1}", bb.getname, bb.func_id);    // Hello Mr Fred 43 // THIS IS A STATIC example! Console.WriteLine(Employee.globid);    // This is the way to access static members aa.sex = "Female";                     // Write to a member directly }   } }


 * Interfaces - No Implementation. Just like a .h in C. Starts with "I". An object can have multiple interfaces.
 * * Do not put public/private/protected in interface

interface ICDPlayer { void Play(short PlayTrackNum); short CurretTrack { get; set; } } public class Device : ICDPlayer { ... } public class name : DeriveBase, [Iinterface1, Iinterface2, Ietc..] { .... } abstract class Animal { }        // Cannot use abstract class in "new". // Use this when base class does not implement the member. // Abstract has code but it is not complete (interface doesnt have any code) sealed class Classname { }       // Cannot be inherited

ushortAge = Convert.ToUInt16(longAge);    // Convert class
 * Useful Classes:

class Singleton { private Singleton { }           // Need to declare as private static private Singleton thedata; static public Singleton GetSingleton { get {  if (thedata == null) thedata = new Singleton;      // will only be executed ONCE return thedata; }  } } .... Singleton s1=Singleton.GetSingleton; Singleton s2=Singleton.GetSingleton;   // s1 is the same as s2 Singleton s3=new Singleton;           // This is INVALID bec the constructor is private!
 * Singleton - Private Constructor. Useful if there is only one spooler for example.

Using / enum / pointers
System.IO.FileStream aFileStream; vs using System.IO; FileStream aFileStream; vs using alias1 = System.IO.FileStream alias1 aFileStream;
 * Using

// Temporary Resource Usage Pattern (note: Resource is a user object that implements IDisposable) using (Resource r1 = new Resource) {     // battle with compile time error. This is a better way of coding. r1.Foo; }      -is the same as- Resource r1 = new Resource;              // battle with runtime error try { r1.Foo } finally { if(r1 != null) ((IDisposable)r1).Dispose; }

enum Weekdays { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday };    // declare enum type (Cannot do this in function/method) .... Weekdays wd; string st = Console.ReadLine;                     // Get input wd=(Weekdays)Enum.Parse(typeof(Weekdays), st);      // Convert the enum string if (wd == Weekdays.Friday) { .... }
 * enum access (enum (builtin) vs Enum (Class))

[Flags] enum Weather : ushort { Sunny=1, Cloudy=2, Rain=4, Snow=8,Flog=16}; Weather ww; ww = Weather.Sunny | Weather.Cloudy;    // the enum holds both ?? ww.ToString                        // Sunny, Couldy

byte bref; unsafe {   // need to uncheck in project settings fixed (byte bp=&bref) { ...code... } }
 * Pointers (Useful in efficient Algorithms e.g. bitmaps)

[Dllimport("legacy.dll")] void Algo; Algo;
 * Importing:


 * BackGroundWorker class (Doing stuff in Background)

Arrays
objx[] xx = new objx[sizeN] { new objx(...), new objx(...) };   // Array of objects int[] intArray = new int[sizeN]; int[,] multidim = new int[, ] { {1,1,1},{2,2,2} };    // or int[,,] int ex = multidim[1,2];                                // Layed out linearly in memory (could be accessed via single dim array) int[][] jaggedarray = new int[4][];                    // jagged array for(i=0;i<jaggedarray.Length;i++) jaggedarray[i]=new int[++dim]; foreach(int[] rows in jaggedarray) foreach(int col in rows) { }
 * System.Array is the Base Class. Interfaces: ICloneable, iList, ICollection, IEnumerable

IEnumerator iter = intarray.GetEnumerator; while(iter.MoveNext) { ?? iter.Current } iter.Reset;   // set the enumerator at the top. (Cannot modify the source object if you are currently using the enumerator)

Array.Sort(intArray);        // boxed (slow). Modifies the intArray. Array.Sort (intArray);   // faster, more efficient (parameterized) // Make objects IComparable (interface) so that sort could be used. Use the standard design pattern/template. Array.Sort (intArray, new DescComparator);  // DescComparator is a IComparable ??? Array.Reverse (intArray); // Reverse it

ArrayList emplist = new Arraylist;                 // Generic. You could add emplist.add(3.2); Employee e = new Employee(...); emplist.add(e); emplist.add(new Employee(...)); emplist.Insert(idx, new Employee(...)); emplist.Sort;          // No parameterized implementation for ArrayList. ?? emplist.Indexof(e)    // integer ?? emplist.Contains(e)   // bool ?? emplist[idx]

IEnumerator curr = emplist.GetEnumerator;             // This is object IEnumerator curr = emplist.GetEnumerator;   // Specific to employee (if parameterized) // curr.Current.Method could be used as IvalueType ???

List emplist = new List;    ??? // specific to Employee!!

Array.ForEach (intArray, new Action (delegate(int arg) { ++arg; } ) );  // However, the array is not changed bec "int arg" is passed as values.

public int CompareTo(Object obj) {       // standard sort compareto function if(obj==null) return 1; if(!(obj is classname)) throw new ArgumentException; // Do comparison, -1 if thisobj }

Hash
Hashtable hh = new Hashtable; hh["aa"] = "1st"; hh["aa"] = "2nd";          // This is ok. Using .add willnot work hh["aa"] = objx;           // Could be any object hh[objx] = "3rd";          // Key could also be anything. In this case the key is the object (it's NOT calling the .toString internally)
 * hashtable - efficient lookup
 * Dictionary - tree type
 * In hashtables, the .GetHashCode is NOT CALLED internally! (Stupid why they have .GetHashCode).

?? hh["aa"]                // "2nd" ?? hh.ContainsKey("cc"))      // False. hh.Contains actually calls hh.ContainsKey foreach (object key in hh.Keys)                         // simpliest way    ?? hh[key]                                           // key is automatically converted to string foreach (DictionaryEntry d in hh) {                     // another method    Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", d.Key, d.Value);          Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", d.Key, hh[d.Key]);    // Same as above, but above is more efficient bec data is already retrieved } IDictionaryEnumerator ky = hh.GetEnumerator;          // another method while(ky.MoveNext)     Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", ky.Key, ky.Value);

SortedList hh = new SortedList;       // SortedList example. Use this if you want "sort(keys(%hh))" in perl hh["nn"] = "value"; foreach (string ss in hh.Keys)          // Can use string directly. This is already sorted ?? hh[ss] Dictionary dict = new Dictionary;     // Dictionary example dict["nn"] = "value"; foreach (string ss in dict.Keys)        // Can use string directly ?? dict[ss]

Hashtable table = new Hashtable; foreach (Employee emp in emplist)       // ie, if Employee is IEnumerator table.add(emp.GetHashCode, emp);    // Cannot .add duplicate key. Implicitly call .GetHashCode ?? table.ContainsKey(key); ?? table.ContainsValue(value);

Exceptions / Error
try { ...code... } catch(IndexOutOfRangeException e) {     // THIS SHOULD BE SPECIFIC ?? e.Message } catch(Exception e ) { }                 // THIS is ANY exception throw new IndexOutOfRangeException; } finally { // place code that runs after try to catch runs }
 * C# - Try NOT to create your own exception CLASS.

Mixing Managed/Unmanaged

 * Mixing Managed and Unmanaged Useful Information
 * Blittable Types - do not require conversion when passed between managed and unmanaged code.
 * System namespace blittable types
 * System.Byte
 * System.SByte
 * System.Int16
 * System.UInt16
 * System.Int32
 * System.UInt32
 * System.Int64
 * System.IntPtr
 * System.UintPtr


 * Non-Blittable types - require conversion when passed between managed and unmanaged code. Delegates, which are data structures that refer to a static method or to a class instance, are also non-blittable.
 * System namespace Non-blittable types
 * System.Array Converts to a C-style or a SAFEARRAY.
 * System.Boolean Converts to a 1, 2, or 4-byte value with true as 1 or -1.
 * System.Char Converts to a Unicode or ANSI character.
 * System.Class Converts to a class interface.
 * System.Object Converts to a variant or an interface.
 * System.Mdarray Converts to a C-style array or a SAFEARRAY.
 * System.String Converts to a null-terminated string or to a BSTR.
 * System.Valuetype Converts to a structure with a fixed memory layout.
 * System.Szarray Converts to a C-style array or a SAFEARRAY.

Wtype.h Type   C# Type HANDLE         int BYTE           byte SHORT          short WORD           ushort INT            int UINT           uint LONG           int ULONG          uint BOOLEAN        int CHAR           char FLOAT          float DOUBLE         double LPSTR(and most String for in, StringBuilder for inout other string  types)
 * Win32 to C# Data Types

String / Formats / Regular Expressions

 * String (C#) vs string (built-in). These are the same! string allocates the exact memory! (immutable - Always creates new copy)
 * Using string for non-changing string. Use stringbuilder for strings that change (efficient).
 * No limit for string length (memory limit only)

starr = new string[] { "txt1", "txt2", "txt3" }; ?? starr.Length                    // Number of elements string name;                       // name has null value (name="") == (name=string.Empty)   // These are equivalent ((string)e.Current).TrimStart('a') // implicitly convert e.Current to a string. ?? "Hello"[2];                     // "l" 3rd character ?? @"C:\Docs\Source";              // rather than "C:\\Docs\\Source". ?? "\u0068ello "+"world";          // "Hello world"

int ii=int.Parse("12,345", NumberStyles.AllowThousands | NumberStyles.CurrencySymbol, cultinfo);         // string to number. 2nd argument is optional. It's enum. cultinfo is CultureInfo string ss=String.Format("{0:###-##-####}",34); int   ii=String.Compare(str1, "Hello"); string ss=String.Join(",", words);      // also, string s2 = String.Join(",", (new string[] {"a","b"})); string ss=(100).ToString("C");          // "$100.00",  same as Console.WriteLine("{0:C}", 100); string ss="hello".ToUpper;            // .ToLower string ss=" hello ".Trim; string ss="hello".PadLeft(20,'-'); string[] words=line.Split(null);        // returns an array, separate by whitespace

StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder("string");   // Ultra fast!!! (if you manipulate strings a lot); sb.Append("added text"); if(sb.ToString == "abc");                     // Checks if sb equals "abc" if(sb.Equals(new StringBuilder("abc")));        // Another Way

string[] sx = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory.Split(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar);   // Path.DirectorySeparatorChar=='\\' foreach(string sx1 in sx) ?? sx1;

DateTime curdate = DateTime.Now;            // This is a struct so no need for "new" Console.WriteLine("{0:C}", 100);            // $100.00 Console.WriteLine("{0:d}", (new DateTime(2000,1,10,0,0,0)));  // "1/10/2000" // d-"MM/dd/yyyy"  D-"DD MMMM YYYY"  f-"DD MMMM YYYY HH:MM"   F-"DD MMMM YYYY HH:mm:SS" // C-"$nn,nnnn.nn" CultureInfo ci = new CultureInfo("En-GB");          // Use Cultures
 * Formats / Dates

Regex ex = new Regex("ab+", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);  // create the regular expression. RegexOptions is enum string line = "abbbabababbfabrbdbsbaaab"; foreach (object oo in ex.Matches(line))                // .GetEnumerator is implicitly called in foreach Console.WriteLine(oo);                              // .toString is implicitly called bec writeline arg type is string.
 * Put Regular Expressions examples here

MatchCollection mc = ex.Matches(line);                 // Long method IEnumerator e = mc.GetEnumerator; while (e.MoveNext) Console.WriteLine(e.Current);

if(ex.IsMatch(line)) { }       // Regular expression matched

Memory and Garbage Collection
class Foo { ~Foo { fs.close; }    // implicitly called } objx a1 = new objx; a1=null;                 // The memory allocated for the "new" object is now ready for garbage collection. - --- - | Finalize Queue - |  - objects are added here the same time as in Root Ref if the object has destructor - --- - | - |   Managed Heap - | - --- - | - - | | Freachable Queue     // objects from Finalize Queue are moved here during GC - | - - | Root Ref - ---
 * There are two heaps: Managed heap and the Large Managed Heap (object > 20KB). Both are doing the same garbage collection algo.
 * Destructor. Use this for non-memory resources (e.g. file handling)
 * Deallocating:
 * Garbage Collection: ONLY MEMORY resources are garbage collected.
 * Finalize - Runs on different thread. Executes the Freachable Queue
 * Generations: Max of 2 generations. Generation0-1st execution of GC. Gen1-those that lived after 1st GC. Only execute GC on Gen0.
 * Ressurrection is a bad idea.

GC.Collect([int Generation]) GC.GetGeneration(Object obj);  // query the generation of an object GC.MaxGeneration(int);
 * Class GC:

objx sr = new objx; WeakReference wr = new WeakReference(sr); sr=null;  // deallocate it ... // GC.Collect;  // dispose if( (sr=(objx)wr.Target) != null ) {    // or check if(wr.isAlive) { } treat_sr_normally; } else { sorry_no_more_sr; }
 * Weak Reference (e.g. Cache)

unsafe { int i=3; int* ip=&i; fixed (byte* bp=buf) {    // buf is defined somewhere *(bp+3) = 34; ...etc }
 * fixed/unsafe

Data Stream and Files
Read, Write, Seek      // Fundamental Stream Operations - CanRead, CanWrite, CanSeek  // properties - Flush - Close    // performs implicit flush NetworkStream, BufferedStream, memoryStream, FileStream, CryptoStream   // Stream Classes BinaryReader, BinaryWriter    // Binary classes TextReader, TextWriter        // character classes StreamReader, StreamWriter    // derived from TextReader/Writer StringReader, StringWriter    // derived from TextReader/Writer that uses StringBuilder class
 * From System.IO.Stream

FileStream - Class for Reading and Writing to Files FileMode  - Open, Append, Create (enum) FileAccess - Read, ReadWrite, Write (enum) FileShare - None, Read, ReadWrite, Write (enum)

File - Class with methods for Create, Copy, Delete, Move, Open FileInfo - Just like File Class but faster when reusing the object. Directory    - Class for Directories DirectoryInfo - Faster than Directory bec one security check

Path - Helper Class for Paths

FileSystemWatcher         - Class used to Monitor a File System IsolatedStorageFile       - Class for Isolated Storage IsolatedStorageFileStream

.Begin* - Asynchronous methods .End*  - Asynchronous methods

if(!File.Exists("filename")) { }   // exists FileStream fs = new FileStream("filename", FileMode.CreateNew);  // FileMode.Open BinaryWriter w = new BinaryWriter(fs); w.write( (int)45 ); w.Close; fs.Close; BinaryReader r = new BinaryReader(fs); ?? r.ReadInt32
 * Sample Code

FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(Path.Combine(dir,subdir)); if(!fi.Exists) { }; using(StreamReader sr = fi.OpenText) { }

FileStream astream = File.Create("name");  // Another way

DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo("."); foreach(FileInfo f in dir.Getfiles("*.*")) { ?? f.Fullname; ?? f.Length; ?? f.CreationTime; }

FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher;      // Create ================ watcher.Path = "pathstring"; // or args[0];               // Configure ============= watcher.Filter = "*.txt" watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.FileName;            // this is enum watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);    // this is the lightningbolt! on ide watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged); watcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true;                     // include subdirectory watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;                       // Begin Watching ======== public static void OnRenamed(object s, RenamedEventsArgs e) { ?? e.OldFullPath ?? e.FullPath }

IsolatedStorageFile iso = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForDomain; IsolatedStorageFileStream isoStream - new IsolatedStorageFileStream("MyStuff.txt", etc); using(StreamWriter wr = new StreamWriter(isoStream)) { wr.WriteLine("Stuff"); } IsolatedStorageFile isoread = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForDomain; string[] isoFiles = isoread.GetFilenames("MyStuff.txt");

Serialization
[Serializable] public class Myclass { [NonSerialized] int _cachSize;       // Skip specific members .... }
 * See Module12 for complete examples and see DemoFiles also. (The example includes XML writing via SoapFormatter). See below for the basic template.
 * Persistence - Store and retrieve a graph of objects to and from a file
 * Remoting - Pass by Value arguments that are transmitted between processes
 * Use Serialization if you have objects with reference to each other. e.g. obj1 -> obj2

[Serializable] public class ExampleFoo : ISerializable {             // Example public int i,j,k; public ExampleFoo {} internal ExampleFoo(SerializationInfo si, StreamingContext context) { i=si.GetInt32("i"); j=si.GetInt32("j"); k=si.GetInt32("k"); }  public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo si, StreamingContext context) { si.AddValue("i",i); si.AddValue("j",j); si.AddValue("k",k); Type t=this.GetType; si.AddValue("TypeObj", t); } }

FileStream fs = File.Create("Person.xml");         // SOAP example SoapFormatter sf = new SoapFormatter; ArrayList al = new ArrayList;      // Then put mutliple objects in al. For this example, Person objects. sf.Serialize(fs, al); fs.Close;                          // DONE fs = File.OpenRead("Person.xml"); ArrayList al = (ArrayList)sf.Deserialize(fs);   // READIT

Delegates & Events
public class objx {                          // Sample Object public string foo(int id) { return (id.ToString + " from foo"); } }
 * Delegate is universe. Event is a subset of Delegate (solar system).
 * Delegate is Function object. Should always treat it as MultiCast. (SingleCast should not be used!)

delegate string MyDelegate1( int ii );       // syntax. "int ii" bec foo takes in int. string bec foo returns string.

Mydelegate1 myhandler = null;            // This portion is just semantics. It wont work, refer to SwitchandLight for a working one. function connecto(MyDelegate1 del1) { myhandler += del1;                     // adds delegates }

objx oo = new objx; MyDelegate1 dd = new MyDelegate1(oo.foo); ?? dd(21);         // Call the delegate. This will return "21 from foo"

Web Services / Request / Sockets
Using System.Xml; ... USZip zipper = new USzip;                  // USZip is created by wsdl automatically. Need to add "System.WebService" as reference XmlNode node = zipper.getInfoByZIP(97210);   // Then do something with node [WebMethod] public String myfunc { return("Hello World"); } WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create("localhost:3427"); reqyest.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; WebResponse response = request.GetResponse; ?? ((HttpWebResponse)response).StatusDescription
 * WCF - Windows Communocation Foundation (Remoting is becoming obsolete)
 * "wsdl http:www.webservicex.net/file.asmx?WSDL" (Web service). -> This creates a class library file. Then open this.
 * Create a new .asmx web service via Visual Studio wizard. Use the following:
 * Web Request:

WebBrowser1.Url = new Uri(addr);

For Socket... see sockets example from Lab and manual

ADO.NET
SQL <---> OLEdb SqlConnection Class SqlCommand Class SqlAdapter Class OLEdb Class using(SqlConnection mysql = new SqlConnection(@"Connection String")) {    // to determine connection string: (New Web App: Choose Item: SQLConnection, drag to desktop, goto properties "Connection String", then you should see "Add Connection" window) ?? mysql.ConnectionString string ssql = "select * from region"; SqlDataAdapter adaptor = new SqlDataAdaptor(ssql, mysql); DataSet mydataset = new DataSet; adaptor.Fill(mydataset, "Regionx");          // Name of the table that gets created? ?? mydataset.Tables["Regionx"].Rows.Count
 * Connection to Database!

adaptor.SelectCommand.CommandText = "select * from customers";   // Another query foreach(DataRow mydatarow in mydataset.Tables["Regionx"].Rows) ?? myDataRow["RegionID"].ToString;   // RegionID is a field

adaptor.update -> Update the database

DataView mydataview = mydataset.Tables["Regionx"].DefaultView; mydataview.Sort = "Country"; mydataview.RowFilter = .....

}