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Naomi Hawes Bishop

Naomi Hawes Bishop (born September 1, 1947) is an American anthropologist and a professor of Anthropology at University of Massachusetts-Boston (1974-1990) and California State University-Northridge (1990-2006). She has a BA (1968), MA (1972) and PhD (1975) in Physical Anthropology from University of California. Her research is on the socio-ecology of Himalayan Grey Langur monkeys (Semnopithecus schistaceus) and an ethnography of Melemchi Village, both in the Yolmo Valley, Nepal.

Early Life
Bishop was born September 1, 1947 in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of artist Baldwin Hawes and folklorist Bess Lomax Hawes. The family moved to Topanga Canyon, California in 1950 where they were part of the community around Will Geer’s Theatricum Botanicum. The family moved to Santa Monica in 195x and the emerging Folk Music Revival in Lost Angeles. She began her studies at University of California in Berkeley in 1964 where she met her future husband John Melville Bishop in the excitement of the Free Speech Movement. They married in 1969.

Career

 * 1974-1983     Faculty, Anthropology, University of Massachusetts/Boston


 * 1984–1987	Department Chair, Anthropology, University of Massachusetts/Boston


 * 1990–1998	Department Chair, Anthropology, Calif. State University, Northridge


 * 1998–2003     Director, Liberal Studies Program, Calif. State University, Northridge


 * 1992–1997 	President, Nepal Studies Association (elected to two terms)

Fieldwork and research interests
In 1971 Bishop conducted fieldwork in the Nepal Himalaya to determine if the behavioral profile of langur monkeys in a temperate, boreal high altitude population differed from langurs in tropical low altitude zones. She spent a year in Melemchi Village in the Yolmo valley in Central Nepal following, habituating, and observing a langur troop on a steep forested hillside from 6000-10,000 feet, and observed another troop that ranged to 12,000 feet. After comparing her data with that of three subsequent Himalaya research population and this of the tropical langur she concluded,

''Four field studies of the langur monkey, Presbytis entellus, living in the Himalaya are compared, in order to uncover shared features of behavior and population structure that may be related to this habitat. Shared demographic characteristics include seasonality in mating and births, predominately multi-male troops at least during some times of the year, relatively large home ranges, low population densities with few intertroop encounters, and seasonal utilization of home ranges with distance maintenance between groups. Shared social characteristics include behavioral buffers against cold and inclement weather, fluctuation in male membership with greatest instability and lowest numbers during the mating season, a vocal repertoire marked by a unique vocalization of major importance in troop maintenance as well as alterations in the function of species-typical vocalizations, and variations in sexual behavior including variable expression of “typical” female headshake present, increased male initiation of sexual activity and a low incidence of female harassment of sexual consorts. It is argued that while no single feature may be unique to Himalayan langur populations, the total cluster of features is, and can be related to climatic seasonality in the Himalayan temperate environment, the predominance of a multi-male group structure for some periods, and possibly genetic isolation.'' page text. 

While living in the village she participated in festivals and rituals, collected demographic and geological data, and observed the agro-pastoral cycle, in particular the transhumant herding of hybrid animals. She returned to Melemchi in 1986 and 1989 to conduct ethnographic research from which she produced the book and film Himalayan Herders.

''Himalayan Herders is the first general case study about Sherpa people in the Yolmo region of Nepal (which helps to place the more familiar Sherpa of the Solu-Khumbu region (Mt Everest) in comparative context). This study provides an ethnographic description of a village within the broad context of human adaption to mountain environments, Tibetan regional cultures, and culture change. Features: * The first book to describe the unique form of agropastoralism practiced in the middle altitudes (7,000 to 13,000 feet) of the Himalaya: transhumant herding of cow-yak hybrids for dairy products. * A longitudinal study of culture change over almost twenty-five years. * Each chapter includes an ethnographic description of aspects of Yolmo culture, and discussions of important issues in anthropology and development studies today, such as migration for wage labour and the rights and needs of indigenous residents in national parks.''Page text. 

Books
An Ever-Changing Place. New York: Simon and Schuster. (with John Bishop) 1978

Making Home Video, New York: Seaview Books, 1980. (John Bishop and Naomi Bishop) Himalayan Herders: A Case Study in Cultural Anthropology. Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace. 1998

Films

 * Himalayan Herders (1996) Film, 76 mins. Documentary 16mm film about pastoralism and culture change in a Himalayan village. Co-producer.
 * Khmer Court Dance (1992) Video, 90 mins. Co-producer. (with Sam-Ang Sam).
 * Hand Play (1985) Film 16mm, 5 mins. co-producer.
 * New England Fiddles (1983) Film 16mm, 30 mins. Music editor.
 * Yoyo Man (1978) Film 16mm, 12 mins. co-producer.

Articles
The Yolmo People of Melemchi, Nepal: Change and Continuity. In Globalization and Change in Fifteen Cultures, Janice Stockard and George Spindler, eds., Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, pp.199-224. 2007

Circular Migration and Families: A Yolmo Sherpa Example, South Asia Bulletin, XIII (1-2): 59-66. 1994

From Zomo to Yak: Change in a Sherpa Village, Human Ecology, 17 (2): 177-204. 1989 (Revised for Case Studies in Human Ecology, Daniel Bates and Susan Lees, eds., New York: Plenum Press, 1996.)

A Decade of Stability in a Nepalese Macaque Population, Journal of Mammalogy, 69 (1):	178-180.(Rod Johnson, Jane Teas, Naomi Bishop, and Charles Southwick) 1988

Introduction: Patterns of Female Behavior, In Female Primates: Studies by Female Primatologists, Meredith Small ed., New York: Alan Liss Publ., pp. 193-195.1985

Measures of Human Influence on Habitats of South Asian Monkeys, International Journal of Primatology, 2 (2): 153-167. (Naomi Bishop, Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, Jane Teas and Jim Moore) 1981

''Himalayan Langurs: Temperate Colobines', Journal of Human Evolution, 8: 251-281.1979

Langurs Living at High Altitudes, '''J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.''', 74: 518-520.1977

Social Adaptation in Nonhuman Primates, In Coping and Adaptation, G.V. Coelho, D.A.Hamburg and J.E. Adams, eds., New York:  Basic Books, pp. 3-12. (with Sherwood L. Washburn and David A. Hamburg)1974

The Development of Motor Skills and Social Relationships Among Primates Through Play, In Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, IV, J.P. Hill, ed., Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, pp. 141-198. (Phyllis Dolhinow and Naomi Bishop) 1974 Reprinted in: Evolution of Play Behavior: Benchmark Papers in Animal Behavior, Dietrich Muller-Schwarze, ed. New York: Academic Press.