User:John Millbank/Thomas franklin carter

Thomas Franklin Carter (1882-1925) was an American scholar who wrote the first book-length history of the Chinese origins of printing.

Thomas Frankin Carter's early life is not well documented. The first we know of him is that he graduated from Princeton University in 1904, at the age of 22. Two years later, he embarked with three friends on a world tour, including a visit to China. In Nanjing, Carter left his companions in order to visit two cousins who were missionaries in Huaiyuan, Anhui province, making the 250-kilometre journey on foot with a group of Chinese merchants. By the time he reached his destination he was smitten by China. He stayed for three months to begin learning the language. On his return to the United States, Carter continued to correspond in Chinese with his language teacher. In 1910 Carter married, and returned with his bride to China as superintendent of a circuit of city and country schools and began a study of Chinese history, using his knowledge of the language. Mrs. Dagny Carter, as she was henceforth known, herself became a China scholar. Some years later, while reading a book on a train to Shandong, where he was travelling to assist with famine relief, Carter came across a passage about the Chinese inventions of the compass, gunpowder, paper and printing which seized his imagination. In 1922 Thomas and Mrs. Carter travelled to Europe, where in Munich Thomas met with Dr. Friedrich Hirth, a former head of the Department of Chinese at Columbia University. Carter, looking to turn the history of Chinese inventions into a research topic, consulted Hirth, who pointed out that the invention of printing in China and its spread westward had been little studied in the West but was well documented in Chinese sources. Carter readily took up the suggestion and spent the winter and spring of 1922-3 in Berlin researching archeological material brought from Chinese Turkestan by Albert von Le Coq. From Berlin, Carter's researches led him to Paris, where he introduced himself to Paul Pelliot, the archeologist and sinologist who had collected hundreds of rare manuscripts from the Mogao Caves in Turkestan. Pelliot took an immediate interest in the subject, bringing from his desk drawer a box full of movable type in Chinese characters, hundreds of years older than Gutenberg's, which he had found on a cave floor. Pelliot proved of great help to Carter as his researches advanced, and Carter dedicated his book to Pelliot when it finally appeared. Carter was awarded a PhD from Columbia University, and in 1924 was invited to join their Chinese faculty, finally becoming head of department. Sadly, Carter's academic career was short. In 1925 he fell ill and died just as his book emerged from the press. The Invention of Printing in China and its Spread Westwards, has been acknowledged as a classic. A new edition appeared in 1931, and a revised edition undertaken by his successor at Columbia, Dr. Carrington Goodrich, appeared in 1955. While much of its content is by now outdated, Carter's book was a valuable contribution to the subject and even now his chapter on paper is relevant.

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[edit]Further reading

Carter, Thomas F., The Invention of Printing in China and its Spread Westwards, Columbia University Press, 1925.

Carter, Thomas F. and Goodrich, Carrington, The Invention of Printing in China and its Spread Westwards, 2nd edition, Ronald Press, New York, 1955. Almost all biographical information in this article is drawn from Dagny Carter's memoir of him in the preface to this edition.