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Jean Simon Pictet (born 2 September 1914 in Geneva, died March 30 2002 in Meyrin) was a Swiss jurist, expert in international humanitarian law and senior staff member and Vice President of the International Committee of the Red Cross. He was the main architect of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their additional Protocol I and Protocol II. He also proposed the Red Cross Movement’s seven Fundamental Principles, which were adopted at Vienna in 1965: Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity and Universality.

Life
After secondary education in Paris, Pictet completed his study of law at the University of Geneva, earning a doctorate in 1935 and then practiced law in Vienna and Geneva. In 1937 he began working as a legal assistant at the International Committee of the Red Cross. During the Second World War he wrote most of the ICRC's appeals on behalf of prisoners of wars and civilian victims of the war. and was one of the key staff of the Committee and worked directly with ICRC President Max Huber. Even before the war ended, he embarked on a project for a complete overhaul of the Geneva Conventions, in particular including the protection of civilians, despite Huber's pessimism about its prospects. 1946 he became Director in the Directorate and the ICRC. In 1966 he became Director General of the ICRC Directorate and thus held the highest office in the administration of the committee. From 1967 to 1979 he was a member of the ICRC (restricted to 25 Swiss citizens) and from 1971 to 1979 was the Vice President.

He was also responsible for directing the establishment of the general report on the work of the ICRC during the global conflict. He ran for the ICRC, the work and negotiations that led to the revision of the Regulations of the Red Cross International in 1952, and agreements with the League of Red Cross. He also chaired the conference of experts to prepare for the negotiation of the two Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1977.

The four volume commentary on the Conventions under his general editorship is in constant use by those applying the convention. His short 1955 volume Les Principes de la Croix-Rouge (Red Cross Principles) was a decisive step in formulating common principles of the different organizations of the Red Cross Movement, and led to the unanimous adoption by the 1965 XXth International Conference of the Red Cross in Vienna, of the seven Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross. He was also involved in drafting the statutes of the Movement.

Jean Pictet was appointed lecturer at the University of Geneva and Professor of International Humanitarian Law at the Faculty of Law and Associate Professor 1974 to 1979. He also lectured at the Academy of International Law (1950) and the International Institute of Human Rights (1971, 1972, 1982). From 1975 to 1981 he was director and president of the Henry Dunant Institute, research center, training and teaching of the International Red Cross.

Jean Pictet was the main author of the commentary on the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and 1977 completed two additional protocols. He has also published the 1948 "Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the Second World War (1 September 1939-30 June 1947)" and later presented with the basis for publications in 1965 adopted seven principles of the International Red Cross - and Rothalbmond movement. Among his other works include several works on international humanitarian law and about the Native Americans.

1950 he taught at the Hague Academy of International Law in The Hague. In the years 1971, 1972 and 1982 he held lectures at the International Institute for Human Rights, from 1974 to 1979 he was Professor of international humanitarian law at the Law Faculty of the University of Geneva. From 1975 to 1981 he worked as director and later president of the Henry Dunant Institute. [2]

In his later years, his Rousseauian faith in humanity declined, and he emphasized the necessity of legal compulsion. He wrote several books on the conquest of North America from the Indians.

Honors
Pictet received honorary doctorates from the Universities of Leiden, Zurich, and Leuven, as well as several awards from the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, including posthumously in 2005 the Henry Dunant Medal, the highest award of the movement. The International Moot Court Competition "Jean-Pictet Competition", whose focus is international humanitarian law, was named after him.

Works

 * (Translation of Le droit humanitaire et la protection des victimes de la guerre.)
 * (Translation of Le droit humanitaire et la protection des victimes de la guerre.)
 * (Translation of Le droit humanitaire et la protection des victimes de la guerre.)

French
Jean Pictet (2 septembre 1914 à Genève en Suisse - 30 mars 2002) était un docteur en droit de l'Université de Genève (1955) et un haut dirigeant du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge.

Biographie
Entré en 1937 comme secrétaire-juriste au service du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR), il s'attacha dès cette époque à préparer la révision des Conventions de Genève de 1929. Après avoir été, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un des principaux fonctionnaires du CICR et le plus proche collaborateur du professeur Max Huber, alors son président, il fut nommé directeur en 1946 et directeur général en 1966. Il a été membre du Comité exécutif du CICR de 1967 à 1979 et vice-président du CICR de 1971 à 1979.

Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il assuma notamment la responsabilité des travaux préparatoires ayant abouti, en 1949, à la conclusion des quatre Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre. Il prit une part importante, en qualité d'expert, aux travaux de la Conférence diplomatique de 1949. Il fut aussi chargé de diriger l'établissement du rapport général sur l'activité du CICR pendant le conflit mondial. Il dirigea, pour le CICR, les travaux et les négociations qui ont conduit à la révision des Statuts de la Croix-Rouge internationale, en 1952, et des Accords avec la Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge. Il a également présidé les conférences d'experts chargées de préparer la négociation des deux Protocoles additionnels aux Conventions de Genève de 1977.

Son livre sur les principes de la Croix-Rouge a servi de base pour la Charte fondamentale du Mouvement, adoptée en 1965 par la XXe Conférence internationale de la Croix-Rouge. Il a ensuite dirigé la publication des quatre Commentaires des Conventions de Genève et des Commentaires des Protocoles additionnels de 1977. Il est également l'auteur de nombreux articles et publications sur le droit humanitaire, la Croix-Rouge et les Indiens d'Amérique.

Jean Pictet a été nommé chargé de cours à l'Université de Genève, puis titulaire de la chaire de droit international humanitaire à la faculté de droit, et professeur-associé de 1974 à 1979. Il a également donné des cours à l'Académie de droit international de La Haye (1950) et à l'Institut international des droits de l'homme (1971, 1972, 1982). De 1975 à 1981, il a été directeur puis président de l'Institut Henry-Dunant, centre de recherches, de formation et d'enseignement de la Croix-Rouge internationale.

Reconnaissances
Jean Pictet a reçu plusieurs distinctions académiques (docteur en droit honoris causa des Universités de Leyde, de Zurich et de l'Université catholique de Louvain), ainsi que des décorations de la Croix-Rouge (les règles du CICR interdisent l'acceptation d'autres distinctions).

Son nom a été donné au concours Jean-Pictet en droit international humanitaire.

Lien externe

 * Concours Jean-Pictet en droit international humanitaire

Catégorie:Juriste genevois Catégorie:Droit international Catégorie:Croix-Rouge Catégorie:Naissance en 1914 Catégorie:Décès en 2002 Catégorie:Naissance à Genève

de:Jean Pictet it:Jean Pictet ru:Пикте, Жан

French Transl
Jean Pictet (2 September 1914 at Geneva in Switzerland - 30 March 2002) was a Doctor of Laws from the University of Geneva (1955) and a top official of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Summary [masquer] 1 Biography 2 Recognitions 3 See also 3.1 External Link

Biography

Entered in 1937 as legal secretary for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), it will at that time to prepare the revision of the Geneva Conventions of 1929. After having been, during the Second World War, one of the principal officers of the ICRC and the closest collaborator of Professor Max Huber, as its chairman, he was appointed director in 1946 and CEO in 1966. He was a member of the Executive Committee of the ICRC in 1967 to 1979 and vice president of the ICRC in 1971 to 1979.

After the Second World War, he assumed responsibility including the preparatory work that led, in 1949, at the conclusion of the four Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims. He took an important part, as an expert in the work of the Diplomatic Conference of 1949. He was also responsible for directing the establishment of the general report on the work of the ICRC during the global conflict. He ran for the ICRC, the work and negotiations that led to the revision of the Regulations of the Red Cross International in 1952, and agreements with the League of Red Cross. He also chaired the conference of experts to prepare for the negotiation of the two Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1977.

His book on the principles of the Red Cross has provided the basis for the Constitution of the Movement, adopted in 1965 by the XX International Conference of the Red Cross. He then edited comments of four Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols feedback of 1977. He is also the author of numerous articles and publications on humanitarian law, the Red Cross and American Indians.

Jean Pictet was appointed lecturer at the University of Geneva and Professor of International Humanitarian Law at the Faculty of Law and Associate Professor 1974 to 1979. He also lectured at the Academy of International Law (1950) and the International Institute of Human Rights (1971, 1972, 1982). From 1975 to 1981 he was director and president of the Henry Dunant Institute, research center, training and teaching of the International Red Cross.

[Edit] Recognitions

Jean Pictet has received several academic awards (Doctor of Laws honoris causa from the Universities of Leiden, of Zurich and the Catholic University of Louvain), and decorations of the Red Cross (ICRC rules prohibit the acceptance of other distinctions).

His name was given to Jean-Pictet Competition in International Humanitarian Law.

See also

External links Concours Jean-Pictet International Humanitarian Law Portal and Geneva Township Law portal Categories: Legal genevois | International Law | Red Cross | 1914 births | Deaths in 2002 | Born in Geneva |

German
Jean Simon Pictet (* 2. September 1914 in Genf; † 30. März 2002 in Meyrin) war ein Schweizer Jurist, Experte für humanitäres Völkerrecht sowie ranghoher Mitarbeiter und später Mitglied und Vizepräsident des Internationalen Komitees vom Roten Kreuz (IKRK). Er gilt als geistiger Vater der Genfer Konventionen von 1949.

Leben
Nach dem Besuch der Mittelschule und dem Erwerb der Hochschulreife in Paris absolvierte Jean Pictet sein Studium der Rechtswissenschaften an der Universität Genf. Er promovierte 1935 und war anschließend als Anwalt in Wien und Genf tätig. Im Jahr 1937 begann er eine Tätigkeit als juristischer Mitarbeiter beim Internationalen Komitee vom Roten Kreuz. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs war er einer der wichtigsten Mitarbeiter des Komitees und unmittelbar für den damaligen IKRK-Präsidenten Max Huber tätig. 1946 wurde er Direktor im IKRK-Direktorat und war maßgeblich an der Erarbeitung der 1949 verabschiedeten Neufassungen der Genfer Konventionen beteiligt. Im Jahr 1966 wurde er Generaldirektor des IKRK-Direktorats und bekleidete damit das höchste Amt in der Verwaltung des Komitees. Ein Jahr später wurde er zum Mitglied des IKRK kooptiert. Er gehörte dem Komitee bis 1979 an, davon ab 1971 als Vizepräsident.

Jean Pictet war Hauptautor des vierbändigen Kommentars zu den Genfer Konventionen von 1949 und den 1977 abgeschlossenen zwei Zusatzprotokollen. Er verfasste darüber hinaus den 1948 veröffentlichten „Bericht des Internationalen Komitees vom Roten Kreuz über sein Wirken während des Zweiten Weltkriegs (1. September 1939 − 30. Juni 1947)“ und legte mit späteren Veröffentlichungen die Grundlage für die 1965 beschlossenen sieben Grundsätze der Internationalen Rotkreuz- und Rothalbmond-Bewegung. Zu seinen weiteren Arbeiten zählen verschiedene Werke zum humanitären Völkerrecht sowie über die Ureinwohner Amerikas.

1950 unterrichtete er an der Haager Akademie für Völkerrecht in Den Haag. In den Jahren 1971, 1972 und 1982 hielt er Lehrveranstaltungen am Internationalen Institut für Menschenrechte, von 1974 bis 1979 war er Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für humanitäres Völkerrecht an der juristischen Fakultät der Universität Genf. Von 1975 bis 1981 wirkte er als Direktor und später Präsident des Henry-Dunant-Instituts.

Ehrungen
Jean Pictet erhielt die Ehrendoktorwürde der Universitäten Leiden, Zürich und Leuven sowie mehrere Auszeichnungen der Internationalen Rotkreuz- und Rothalbmond-Bewegung, darunter 2005 postum die Henry-Dunant-Medaille als höchste Auszeichnung der Bewegung. Der internationale Moot-Court-Wettbewerb „Jean-Pictet Competition“, dessen Fokus auf dem humanitären Völkerrecht liegt, wurde nach ihm benannt.

Werke (Auswahl)

 * The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary, Vier Bände. Genf 1958
 * Die Grundsätze des humanitären Völkerrechts. Genf 1967
 * Development and Principles of International Humanitarian Law. Leiden 1985
 *  L'épopée des peaux-rouges. Lausanne 1988
 * La grande storia degli indiani d'America. Mailand 2000

Quellen
Kategorie:Rechtswissenschaftler (20. Jahrhundert) Kategorie:Verwaltungsjurist Kategorie:Hochschullehrer (Genf) Kategorie:Hochschullehrer (Den Haag) Kategorie:Person (Rotes Kreuz) Kategorie:Schweizer Kategorie:Geboren 1914 Kategorie:Gestorben 2002 Kategorie:Mann

German Trans
Jean Pictet

Simon Jean Pictet (* 2 September 1914 in Geneva, † March 30 2002 in Meyrin) was a Swiss jurist, an expert in international humanitarian law as well as senior staff member and later Vice President of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). He is considered the spiritual father of the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Contents [Verbergen] 1 Life 2 Honors 3 plants (selection) 4 Sources

[Edit] Life

After visiting the school and the acquisition of higher education in Paris, Jean Pictet completed his studies in Law at the University of Geneva. He doctorate in 1935 and was subsequently a lawyer in Vienna and Geneva act. [1] In 1937 he began work as a legal assistant at the International Committee of the Red Cross. During the Second World War he was one of the key staff of the Committee and directly to the former ICRC President Max Huber worked. 1946 he became Director in the Directorate and the ICRC was instrumental in drafting revisions adopted in 1949, the Geneva Conventions participated. In 1966 he was Director General of the ICRC Directorate and thus held the highest office in the administration of the committee. A year later, he became a member of the ICRC co-opted. He was a member of the committee until 1979, of which from 1971 as Vice President.

Jean Pictet was the main author of the commentary on the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and 1977 completed two additional protocols. He has also published the 1948 "Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the Second World War (1 September 1939-30 June 1947)" and later presented with the basis for publications in 1965 adopted seven principles of the International Red Cross - and Rothalbmond movement. Among his other works include several works on international humanitarian law and about the Native Americans.

1950 he taught at the Hague Academy of International Law in The Hague. In the years 1971, 1972 and 1982 he held lectures at the International Institute for Human Rights, from 1974 to 1979 he was Professor of international humanitarian law at the Law Faculty of the University of Geneva. From 1975 to 1981 he worked as director and later president of the Henry Dunant Institute. [2]

[Edit] Honors

Jean Pictet received honorary doctorates from the Universities of Leiden, Zurich, and Leuven, as well as several awards from the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, including 2005 posthumously the Henry Dunant Medal as the highest award of the movement. The International Moot Court Competition "Jean-Pictet Competition", whose focus is international humanitarian law, was named after him. [3]

[Edit] Works (selection) The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary, four volumes. Geneva 1958 The principles of international humanitarian law. Geneva 1967 Development and Principles of International Humanitarian Law. Leiden 1985 L'Epopée of Peaux-rouges. Lausanne 1988 La grande storia degli Indian d'America. Milan 2000

[Edit] Sources ↑ Archive of Contemporary History: Pictet, Jean, 2001 ↑ concourspictet.org: Jean Simon Pictet (engl.) ↑ concourspictet.org: Jean-Pictet Competition (English) Categories: Legal Scholars (20th century) | Administration Lawyer | Professors (Geneva) | professors (The Hague) | Person (Red Cross) | Swiss | Born 1914 | Died 2002 | Mann