User:Johnsonr5/sandbox

Article Evaluation- The article about Robyn Dawes had a stub review which isn't good. I found sections where citations were missing and there was little to no info on Dawes. There is no activity within the talk page. This page can use a good amount of improvement.

Article Evaluation- Psychopathology

I chose this article because I've always had an interest in Psychopathology. I look forward to making this article more accurate and organized. I plan on doing that by reviewing research articles and adding any relevant information that is related directly to the topic.

Isen, J. D., Baker, L. A., Kern, M.,L., Raine, A., & Bezdjian, S. (2018). Unmasking the association between psychopathic traits and adaptive functioning in children. Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 57-65. http://dx.doi.org.glacier.sou.edu/10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.043

https://books.google.com/books?id=fFFaBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&ots=VymvhHReru&dq=psychopathology&lr&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q=psychopathology&f=false

http://www.aojcramer.com/wp-content/uploads/AnnRev.pdf

Article Draft for Psychopathology
'''Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2006). Understanding Psychopathology: Melding Behavior Genetics, Personality, and Quantitative Psychology to Develop an Empirically Based Model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(3), 113–117.''' (research on psychopathology)

Research on psychopathology is still being conducted to provide accurate information on a topic that is having a difficult manner staying on track. Technologies that are currently being developed offer the progressiveness of analyzing and understanding the cause and effect of psychological disorders. An accurate observational model of psychopathology has yet to be developed (seperate from the DSM) and the only way technologies can be utilized efficiently is by developing that accurate model. Most current research is scoped by the model of psychopathology written in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; in this article it is talking specifically about the DSM IV. The DSMs are the best model for understanding psychopathology and has been a fundamental source in progressing psychopathology research. Yet, recent research points out flawed assumptions made in the DSM—. Researchers and psychologists in the science field have to work through the evaluations, conclusions and obstacles presented by this research. The article covers perspectives such as behavior-genetic, personality, and quantitative-psychological in order to give an idea on how to develop an observational model of psychopathology that would evolve the DSM.

'''Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. J. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91-121. http://dx.doi.org.glacier.sou.edu/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608-''' (Integrative approach to psychopathology)

In this article, the authors' analyze the positives and negatives of using a network approach to psychopathology instead of the traditional approach. The authors' state the current model from psychopathology is not empirically based and leaves many opportunities for misdiagnosis and covariance of both symptoms and disorders. The current problem with psychopathology is that there are too many latent disorders and not every disorder has symptoms that can be measured unlike a biological disease. With a network analysis approach, it conceptualizes symptoms as mutually interacting, reinforcing, elements of a complex network, it is more of a disease model approach. The authors' provide many different models of network analysis approaches and how they may be helpful to therapeutic interventions.

'''Castro, K., & Kirchner, T. (2018). Coping and psychopathological profile in nonsuicidal self‐injurious chilean adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(1), 147-160. http://dx.doi.org.glacier.sou.edu/10.1002/jclp.22493 '''

In this article, the purpose was to understand and create the roles of coping typologies and the psychopathology problems associated with non-suicidal self injury and to see which adolescents are at greater risk of engaging in the behavior. The adolescents in this study had to answer a questionnaire about their self-injury. Adolescents with non-suicidal self injury and those without it displayed different coping patterns and the differences increased between genders with girls displaying more symptoms than boys. Those with NSSI display behavior such as avoidant behavior, seek less family support and seek more outside support, and escaping. Adolescents who display avoidant behavior are 3 times more likely those engage in NSSI than those who use regular coping typologies. Noticing the coping patterns is a good way to notice how severe the symptoms are.

'''Kucharska, J. (2017). Sex differences in the appraisal of traumatic events and psychopathology. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(5), 575-582. http://dx.doi.org.glacier.sou.edu/10.1037/tra0000244 '''

In this study, the authors' investigate the relationship between the evaluation of traumatic events and psychopathology, more specifically internalizing symptoms and externalizing/substance-abuse symptoms. Cumulative trauma over the lifetime as well as specific events of trauma was taken into account in this study. Participants were asked to evaluate the severity of the traumatic event(s) that had impacted their lives. It was hypothesized that the relationship between traumatic experiences and psychopathology would be stronger in women than in men. The hypothesis proved to be correct because women displayed higher levels of internalizing symptoms, but lower levels of externalizing/substance-abuse symptoms than men. For all trauma presented in the study, women reported a more severe experience of the event than men. These results give a better understanding of how victims of trauma evaluate their event when developing symptoms after the event.

'''Häfner, H. (2015). Descriptive psychopathology, phenomenology, and the legacy of Karl Jaspers. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(1), 19–29.'''

This study gives an overview of what Karl Jaspers contributed to psychopathology, more specifically descriptive psychopathology in the early years. It notes that he integrated forms of phenomenology into psychopathology calling it "static understanding". I plan on logging this citation in the "As the study of psychiatric disorders" section of the wikipedia article. There is a citation there that is missing a citation and I found this to be a credible enough source to input it.

'''T Davis. Conceptualizing Psychiatric Disorders Using “Four D’s” of Diagnoses. The Internet Journal of Psychiatry. 2009 Volume 1 Number 1.'''

This study's purpose is to conceptualize psychiatric disorders using the "four d's" of diagnoses. The "four d's" of diagnoses are deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger. The purpose of the "four d'" is to accurately assess reported traits, symptoms, and conditions in order to bring to light how severe these factors are and how they replicate a disorder. I found a section within the wikipedia article listed as the "four d's" and saw it needed a citation. I feel this article is a credible enough citation to fill in that gap.

Peer Review
Hello, great article it will be a good addition to the primary article. A sentence that I would tweek a little is this sentence "An accurate observational model of psychopathology has yet to be developed (separate from the DSM) and the only way technologies can be utilized efficiently is by developing that accurate model", expand on the model if you can or revising the sentence may be a good idea. Your article was informative and helps shed some light on the subject. Maybe expand on the recent research that shows the "flawed assumptions made in the DSM". Ru31982 (talk) 03:38, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Response to Peer Review
Thank you for pointing that sentence out to me I didn't notice it when I was drafting the article. I will fix that. I will also find research on the DSM-V since the 4th edition is outdated. I also plan on adding more citations within the Psychopathology page. I appreciate your review. Feel free to give me more advice on what I need to do to improve my article.Johnsonr5 (talk) 06:09, 21 February 2018 (UTC)

Draft work
The scientific discipline of psychopathology was founded by Karl Jaspers in 1913. It was refereed to as "static understanding" and it's purpose was to graphically recreate the "mental phenomenon" experienced by the client.

Professions outside of psychology study mental disorders. It's important to know Psychiatrists and Psychologists (specifically clinical) specify their profession in the study and treatment of mental disorders They also conduct research on the causation of mental disorders and the development of these mental states. An individual who has a profession different than psychology may still have specialties specific to psychopathology and therefore can also be acknowledged as a psychopathologist. For example, a neuroscientist may inspect brain activity in association with mental illness.

Psychiatrists are interested in descriptive psychopathology because it describes the symptoms and disorders of mental illness. It is useful for both the diagnosis process of patients and the creation of diagnostic systems, for example the DSM which is the most common diagnostic system because it clearly lists what characteristics help define a certain diagnosis and how an individual's experiences and behaviours should be categorized together in certain diagnoses.

However, many disorders have a relation between patterns of deviance and therefore need to be evaluated in a differential diagnostic model.

distress, is related to dysfunction by being a useful asset in accurately perceiving dysfunction in an individual’s life. These two are not always related because an individual can be highly dysfunctional and at the same time experiencing minimal stress. One should know the important characteristic of distress is not involved with dysfunction, but rather the limit to which an individual is stressed by an issue.

This maladaptive behaviour has to be a problem large enough to be considered a diagnosis. It's highly noted to look for dysfunction across an individual's life experience because there is a chance the dysfunction may appear in clear observable view and in places where it is less likely to appear.

The two important characteristics of danger is, danger to self and danger to others. When diagnosing, there is a large vulnerability of danger in which there is some danger in each diagnosis and within these diagnosis there is a continuum of severity.

DSM 5/RDoc debate
There has been speculation it may be time to switch from the DSM categorical approach of mental disorders to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) dimensional approach of mental disorders. The reason for this change of approach may be due to some psychologists feeling there is little to no difference between the current DSM and previous versions and the RDoC approach will bridge neuroscience research findings to psychological disorders. Some psychologists state the dimensional approach of the RDoC is more useful than the categorical approach presented by the DSM. . Some psychologists may say it is more useful due to it disregarding a diagnostic approach and instead focusing on the range of functioning from normal to abnormal, giving researchers' greater flexibility when designing their studies. Nevertheless, NIMH declares the DSM is the best resource we have when providing care to others and will continue to fund research studies based on DSM-5 categories.