User:Johnwillis416/sandbox

it glosses over or ignores the historic roots of participatory design in the action research (or participatory action research) approach to community enagement championed by Paulo Friere and others.

This explosive growth and linkage to democratic political processes has come more into focus recently, as the design disciplines have extended into the public sector, service and infrastructure design, and experience design (rather than exclusively focusing on artifacts).

•	The article does not really draw parallels to participatory budgeting or other citizen-driven projects in, for example, Latin America and the United States, nor does it expand adequately on how participatory urban design is related to other contemporary trends such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship (which are evident in Toronto`s `Brickworks` and the Centre for Social Innovation (CSI). These trends are strong in Copenhagen, Barcelona, Chicago, London and other cities around the world.

RELATED CONCEPTS: in business such as ‘co-creation’ (Prahalad, C.K.; Ramaswamy, V. (January–February 2000) "Co-Opting Customer Experience". Harvard Business Review), co-design (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-design) and ‘frugal engineering’.