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=My adaptation of the article in Wikipédia in French about Jean-Norton CRU=

Jean Norton Cru, born in Labatie-d'Andaure (Ardèche), in France, on September 9, 1879 - died in Bransles (Seine-et-Marne) on June 21, 1949, was a French writer.

He is known for his essay Témoins (Witnesses), published in 1929, in which he checks the veracity of testimonies published by World War I fighters. The following year he gave an abridged version, Du témoignage (About testimony).

Family
The eldest of six children, he was born in Gamon, commune of Labatie-d'Andaure, in the departement of Ardèche, on September 9, 1879. He was the son of Jean Pierre Louis Cru (1849-1914), a Protestant pastor of peasant origin, and Catherine Norton (1847-1936), an Englishwoman (hence her middle name ) from a family of doctors and engineers in Gloucestershire

Early life
From the end of December 1883 to 1890, Jean Norton lived in New Caledonia, on Maré Island, where his father was a missionary. He doesn't go to school. His school and religious education was taken care of by his parents, especially his mother.

Studying and teaching
Back in France, his father was appointed to the parish of La Pervenche, in Privas. Louis Norton did a year of primary school, then he attended secondary school, as an intern, at the Lycée de Tournon-sur-Rhône. From 1897 to 1899, he was deeply marked by the Dreyfus affair. He kept a demand for the truth and a mistrust about the testimonies that would later lead him to write Witnesses. He obtained his bachelor's degree in 1899. During the 1899–1900 school year he taught at Granville College, Ramsgate,                       Kent. From 1900 to 1903, he did his military service in the 140th Infantry Regiment in Grenoble. He finished it as corporal. His parents bought a farm in Mirmande, in the Drôme. He worked on the farm and participated in the restoration work, while preparing his teacher's certificate, which he obtained. He taught for a year at Loriol-sur-Drôme. From 1905 to 1908, he taught English at the upper primary school of Aubenas (he received his certificate of aptitude for teaching English in the upper primary in 1906). It was in Aubenas that he married Rose Souquet, in 1908. The same year, he obtained his secondary certificate in English. His younger brother Robert Loyalty has just spent a year teaching at a private American university, Williams College, in Williamstown, Massachusetts. On his advice, Jean Norton went there. He taught French literature there until 1911. During the 1911-1912 school year, he taught English at the high school of Oran, Algeria. He was dissatisfied with the experience, and his wife contracted typhoid fever. He returned to Williams College.

World War I
He participated in the First World War. This experience marked him for the rest of his life. The 24th of August 1914, because he was 34 years old, he was drafted into the 110th Territorial Infantry Regiment, at Romans-sur-Isère. He was initially a railway guard at the station of Belleville, Rhône . He arrived at the front on 15 October. On the 24th, he accepted to be poured into the Reserve Army, in the {nobr|{240th}} regiment}} of infantry]. In February [[1915, he was appointed sergeant . He was at the bataille de Verdun in June 1916 . In December, he transferred to the 321st regiment] . In January [[1917, he was again at Verdun.

After the war
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About Témoins and Témoignages
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Historiographical context
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A methodological method
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Works
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Translations
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Biography
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Critical studies
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Archival sources
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