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Schizophrenia (Brief Overview)
Schizophrenia is an unpreventable mental disorder that typically makes it hard for an individual diagnosed with it to tell the difference between what is real and what is not. .It makes it difficult for an individual that is diagnosed with it to think clearly, have a regular emotional response, and act normal in social situations. Schizophrenia is a very complex mental illness and the cause of this disorder is still unknown to this day.

An individual is more likely to develop schizophrenia if in their family someone has had the same schizophrenic disease. Typically, schizophrenia affects both men and women equally. The onset age of it, typically begins in the teenage years or in early adulthood. In women, schizophrenia begins a later age and is often more of a mild schizophrenia then a sever one; which is what happens with men. As far as the childhood-onset of schizophrenia, it typically happens after age 5. It is very rare for a child to have schizophrenia and can often be very difficult to tell that apart from other developmental problems.

Symptoms (Brief Overview)
Schizophrenia symptoms typically start developing slowly over months and years. The symptoms varies in individual, as in one can have many symptoms of schizophrenia while at other times can only have a few symptoms. Individuals with any type of schizophrenia can have trouble with daily tasks such as keeping friends and working. Schizophrenic patients may also have problems with anxiety attacks, being highly depressed and having suicidal thoughts or acting suicidal.

Symptoms in Regards to Gender Differences
Schizophrenia has different symptoms when it comes to gender differences. Men become more passive, apathetic, and socially withdrawn from society. On the other hand, women become more impulsive, outgoing, and domineering ; this is known to be called role reversal because the things the woman have as far as symptoms are what a typical healthy men would act and for men they tend to act the way a healthy female would act when having schizophrenia. On top of the male like behavior females have while having schizophrenia, they also develop paranoid symptoms while men, on the other hand, seem to have religious delusions and delusions of grandeur.

Tobacco Usage
Schizophrenic individual are more prone to smoking than a healthy individual in respect to them being a male or a female. Neurologists revealed that was indeed a significant difference in smoking rates between patients that were schizophrenic in comparison to the healthy control group. Smoking is far more common in males than female schizophrenic patients and in male than female controls Cognitive Performance and Phenotype

There are differences within respect to cognitive function between male and female schizophrenic individuals. A study done by Hughes and Walter using the Pearson correlation analysis, found that male patients showed a significant negative association between cognitive variables and the PANSS (negative symptom scale) scores. There were immediate memory and language losses with the patients who had the schizophrenic illness regardless of their gender; it was equally lost. In female patients, according to the Pearson correlation analysis, there were positive correlations between the positive symptoms, memory loss and visuospatial abilities. In their attention indexes, and language indexes in findings were negatively associated with the symptom scales. Lower education, higher negative symptoms, older age and male gender were associated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. It was found that gender differences in the associations of specific cognitive impairments with various clinical characteristics and symptom assessments.

Age Onset Within Gender Differences
The first hospital admission in schizophrenic patients tends to be lower age wise in male than it is with females. With that said it does not particularly mean that the actual onset of the illness also occurs earlier in males than it does in females. A study done by Angermeyer and Kuhn has shown that the first manifestations of the illnesses occurs at the same age in both males and females but the time that elapses between onsets and first admissions to a hospital is considerably shorter in males than in females. Gender differences in age at the first hospital admission are typically due to a more acute onset of schizophrenia in that women may develop a bit insidiously and by that time it is recognized, it is relatively late.

Social Outlook
Individuals suffering from schizophrenia tend to have a different outlook on social situations especially when it comes to their eye contacts and their perception of others eye contacts. Individuals having this mental disorder of schizophrenia have a much harder time perceiving and interpreting a lot of social cues which causes them quite a bit of hard ache when it comes to socially adaptation. According to a study done by the University of Michigan, researchers found that schizophrenic individuals have deficits in processing self-referential social information that may be particularly relevant to schizophrenic symptoms. They often misinterpret benign, irrelevant, social cues/signals as being threatening and self-relevant which may be in result to being paranoid and having delusions which may ultimately cause a withdrawal from a lot of social interactions. This abnormalities in eye contact perception were significantly associated with sever negative symptoms, poorer neurocognition, and having lower emotional intelligence.

Individuals who are diagnosed with schizophrenia’s eye contact perceptions are less dichotomous than those who are not diagnosed with it. Those individuals tend to be uncertain when they are determining the self-referential nature of a gaze or eye contact been made which at times is responsible for activating biases when those gaze, looks and social signals are ambiguous. A study that was done by Walter et al., had some showings in how these perceptions are viewed within the brain of a schizophrenic individual. They found that the biases and the observed uncertainty in the gaze perception were directly reflecting the failures to be able to recruit critical important brain regions in things involving theory of mind in schizophrenia. They believed that they way to help resolve this issue is to use neurobiological interventions to improve social cognition problems. Adam & Kleck study on the effects of neurology treatment in schizophrenia patients provided support for this theory by conducting neurobiological transmissions to patients with schizophrenia and found that the modulation of eye-contact perception by fearful emotion was greatly reduced in schizophrenic patients.