User:Jopal22/sandbox

Points distribution
The distribution of points for 2021–22 PGA Tour events is as follows:

Tour Championship starting score (to par), based on position in the FedEx Cup rankings after the BMW Championship:

FedEx Cup Standings
Final FedEx Cup standings of the 30 qualifiers for the Tour Championship:

Since inception in 1992 there have been 49 clubs who have played in the Premier League. Seven clubs have won the Premier League; they are Manchester United (13 times), Chelsea (5 times), Manchester City (4 times), Arsenal (3 times), Blackburn Rovers (once), Leicester City (once), and Liverpool (once).

Performance record and ranking of clubs according to best result in the Premier League
Table correct as at the end of the 2019-20 Premier League season.

Team names in bold indicates the club is a current Premier League member

Chelsea won the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League, pursuant to the rules in effect at the time, only four clubs from the Premier League could play in the Champions League. This meant that Tottenham, who would usually qualify for the Champions League with a 4th place Premier League finish, were relegated to the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League instead.

Originally Portsmouth qualified for the third qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League as FA Cup runners-up, replacing the Champions League-qualified Chelsea. However, they failed to apply for a UEFA license. Therefore, Liverpool took their place.

Source: Premier League Website

New Cases by Week reported

The 2019–2020 PGA Tour is the 105th season (53rd since separating from the PGA of America) of the United States based elite men's professional golf circuit. The season started on September 12, 2019, and is due to conclude with the 2020 FedEx Cup Playoffs which last from August 13 until August 30, 2020.

Several tournaments were suspended or postponed due to the coronavirus pandemic, including all four of the Majors, the Players Championship, and the Tokyo Summer Olympics.

Official events
The following table lists official events for 2019–20.

Unofficial events
The following events do not carry FedEx Cup points or official money.

Full members

 * 1 Stewart Cink (1,2)
 * 2 Darren Clarke (1,2)
 * 2 David Duval (1)
 * 2 Ernie Els (1,2)
 * 2 Pádraig Harrington (1)
 * 2 Zach Johnson (1,2), Paul Lawrie (1)
 * 2 Tom Lehman
 * 2 Rory McIlroy (1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12,15)
 * 2 Phil Mickelson (1,2,4,12,15)
 * 2 Francesco Molinari (1,2,3,4,5,6,12,15)
 * 2 Louis Oosthuizen (1,2,4)
 * 2 Jordan Spieth (1,2,3,4,8,9,15)
 * 2 Henrik Stenson (1,2,4,15)
 * 2 Tiger Woods (1,3,4,9,12,15)

1949 – 🇺🇸 Frank Stranahan (USA)
 * 1950 – 🇺🇸 Frank Stranahan (2) (USA)
 * 1951 – 🇺🇸 Frank Stranahan (3) (USA)
 * 1952 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Jackie Jones (ENG)
 * 1953 – 🇺🇸 Frank Stranahan (4) (USA)
 * 1954 – 🇦🇺 Peter Toogood (AUS)
 * 1955 – 🇺🇸 Joe Conrad (USA)
 * 1956 – Joe Carr
 * 1957 – Dickson Smith
 * 1958 – Joe Carr (2)
 * 1959 – Reid Jack
 * 1960 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Guy Wolstenholme (ENG)
 * 1961 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Ronnie White (ENG)
 * 1962 – Charlie Green
 * 1963 – none
 * 1964 – none
 * 1965 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Michael Burgess (ENG)
 * 1966 – Ronnie Shade
 * 1967 – none
 * 1968 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Michael Bonallack (ENG)
 * 1969 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Peter Tupling (ENG)
 * 1970 – 🇺🇸 Steve Melnyk (USA)
 * 1971 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Michael Bonallack (2) (ENG)
 * 1972 – none
 * 1973 – 🇺🇸 Danny Edwards (USA)
 * 1974 – none
 * 1975 – none
 * 1976 – none
 * 1977 – none
 * 1978 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Peter McEvoy (ENG)
 * 1979 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Peter McEvoy (2) (ENG)
 * 1980 – 🇺🇸 Jay Sigel (USA)
 * 1981 – 🇺🇸 Hal Sutton (USA)
 * 1982 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Malcolm Lewis (ENG)
 * 1983 – none
 * 1984 – none
 * 1985 – 🇪🇸 José María Olazábal (ESP)
 * 1986 – none
 * 1987 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Paul Mayo (WAL)
 * 1988 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Paul Broadhurst (ENG)
 * 1989 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Russell Claydon (ENG)
 * 1990 – none
 * 1991 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Jim Payne (ENG)
 * 1992 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Daren Lee (ENG)
 * 1993 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Iain Pyman (ENG)
 * 1994 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Warren Bennett (ENG)
 * 1995 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Steve Webster (ENG)
 * 1996 – 🇺🇸 Tiger Woods (USA)
 * 1997 – Barclay Howard
 * 1998 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Justin Rose (ENG)
 * 1999 – none
 * 2000 – none
 * 2001 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 David Dixon (ENG)
 * 2002 – none
 * 2003 – none
 * 2004 – Stuart Wilson
 * 2005 – Lloyd Saltman
 * 2006 – 🇳🇴 Marius Thorp (NOR)
 * 2007 – Rory McIlroy
 * 2008 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Chris Wood (ENG)
 * 2009 – 🇮🇹 Matteo Manassero (ITA)
 * 2010 – 🇰🇷 Jin Jeong (KOR)
 * 2011 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Tom Lewis (ENG)
 * 2012 – none
 * 2013 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Matthew Fitzpatrick (ENG)
 * 2014 – none
 * 2015 – 🇺🇸 Jordan Niebrugge (USA)
 * 2016 – none
 * 2017 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Alfie Plant (ENG)
 * 2018 – Sam Locke
 * 2019 – none

Religious groups
According to the last UK census (2011), the largest faith groups are Christian (59.5%), Muslim (4.4%), Hindu (1.3%), Sikh (0.7%), Jewish (0.4%), and Buddhist (0.4%). Leaders or organisations related to these faiths made statements about the general election, although some people within the religious groups were keen to express that no one person or organisation represents the views of all the members of the faith. Leaders of the Church of England stated people had a "democratic duty to vote", that they should "leave their echo chambers", and "issues need to be debated respectfully, and without resorting to personal abuse".

Antisemitism in the Labour Party has been persistently covered in the media in the lead up to the election. In his leaders interview with Jeremy Corbyn, Andrew Neil dedicated the first third of the 30-minute programme entirely to discussion of Labour’s relationship with the Jewish community. This was partly prompted by Ephraim Mirvis, the UK’s chief rabbi, who represents Orthodox Judaism, accusing Corbyn of allowing a "poison sanctioned from the top" to take root in Labour, and that British Jews were gripped by a justified anxiety about the prospect of a Corbyn-led government. The largest Jewish Labour group, JLM, have said they will not be actively campaigning locally for Labour unless there were exceptional circumstances. The smaller Jewish Voice for Labour group, formed in 2017, released a statement accusing Rabbi Mirvis of making unfounded allegations against Corbyn, and noting his personal support of the Conservative Party.

The Muslim Council of Britain spokesman stated Islamophobia "is particularly acute in the Conservative Party" and they treat it "with denial, dismissal and deceit". In addition they released as 72 page document, outlining what they assess are the key issues from a British Muslim perspective. All 26 constituencies with a muslim population above 20% voted for a Labour candidate in 2017. They specifically criticise those who "seek to stigmatise and undermine Muslims" by inferring they "votes en bloc as directed by Imams".

The Hindu Council UK has been strongly critical of Labour condemnation of the Indian Government's (led by Hindu Nationalist Narendra Modi) actions in the disputed territory of Kashmir. They go a far as to say Labour are "increasing[ly] anti-Hindu". The Times of India reports that BJP supporters were actively campaigning for the Tories in 48 marginal seats, and The Today programme reports it has seen WhatsApp messages sent to Hindus across the country urging them to vote Conservative.

The use of social media advertising is seen as particular useful to political parties as they can target people by gender, age, and location. The Labour party is reported to have the most interactions, with the Times describing Labour's "aggressive, anti-establishment messages" as "beating clever Tory memes". In the first week of November Labour is reported to have four of the five most “liked” tweets by political parties, many of the top interactions of Facebook posts, as well as being "dominant" on Instagram, where younger voters are particularly active. Bloomberg reported that between 6 - 21 November the views on twitter/facebook were 18.7m/31.0m for Labour, 10m/15.5m for the Conservatives, 2.9m/2.0m for the Brexit Party, and 0.4m/1.4m for the Liberal Democrats.

Prior to the campaign, the Conservatives hired two digital campaigners who have been credited with helping Australia’s Liberal–National Coalition unexpectedly win the 2019 Australian federal election. Their social media approach is described as purposefully posting badly-designed social media material, which becomes viral and so is seen by a wider audience. Some of the Conservative social media activity has created headlines challenging whether it is deceptive. This included editing a clip of Keir Starmer to appear he was unable to answer a question about Labour's Brexit policy. They also rebranded their Twitter account for the duration the leaders' TV debate, in a way that could be mistaken for an independent fact checking site. Conservative Party chairman James Cleverly has responded by saying the clip of Starmer was satire and “obviously edited”. He also stated that "The Twitter handle remained CCHQPress, so it's clear the nature of the site", and they had a right to call out the "lies and inaccuracies" made by Labour, specifically around the NHS. In response to the re-branding on Twitter, the Electional Commission, which does not have a role in regulating election campaign content, called on all campaigners to act "responsibly", and twitter stated they'd take "decisive corrective action" if there were "further attempts to mislead people".

Tax Policies
The Institute of Fiscal Studies released an analysis of the tax changes of all the main parties based on their manifestos.

Conservative
The Conservative manifesto was described as having "little in the way of changes to tax". The decision to keep the rate of corporation tax at 19%, and not reduce it to 17% as planned will raise £6bn over the lifetime of the parliament. The plan to increase the national insurance threshold for employees & self-employed to £9,500 will cost £2bn/year.

Labour
The Labour manifesto is assessed to result in £78bn of tax rises over the course of the parliament inducing:
 * £24bn - Raising the headline rate of corporation tax to 26%
 * £6.3bn - Tax multinationals’ global profits according to UK share of global employment/assets/sales, not UK profits
 * £4.0bn - Abolish patent box & R&D tax credit for large companies
 * £4.3bn - Cutting unspecified corporation tax reliefs
 * £9bn - Financial transactions tax
 * £14bn - Dividends and capital gains
 * £6bn - Anti-avoidance
 * £5bn - Increases in income tax rates above £80,000/year
 * £5bn - Other

The above excludes ‘Inclusive Ownership Fund’, windfall tax on oil companies and some smaller tax changes

Liberal Democrats
The Liberal Democrat manifesto is assessed to result in £36bn of tax rises over the course of the parliament inducing:
 * £10bn - Raising the headline rate of corporation tax to 20%
 * £7bn - 1ppt rise in all rates of income tax
 * £5bn - Abolish CGT allowance
 * £5bn - Air passenger duty
 * £6bn - Anti-avoidance
 * £3bn - Other

Social Media
The Conservatives hired two digital campaigners who have been credited with helping Australia’s rightwing coalition unexpectedly win a general election. Their social media approach is described as purposefully posting badly-designed social media material, which becomes viral and so is seen by a wider audience. Some of the Conservative social media activity has created headlines challenging whether it is deceptive. This included editing a clip of Keir Starmer to appear he was unable to answer a question about Labour's Brexit policy. They also rebranded their Twitter account for the duration the leaders' TV debate, in a way that could be mistaken for an independent fact checking site. Conservative Party chairman James Cleverly has responded by saying the clip of Starmer was satire and “obviously edited”. He also stated that "The Twitter handle remained CCHQPress, so it's clear the nature of the site", and they had a right to call out the "lies and inaccuracies" made by Labour, specifically around the NHS. In response to the re-branding on Twitter the Electional Commission, which does not have a role in regulating election campaign content, called on all campaigners to act "responsibly", and twitter stated they'd take "decisive corrective action" if there were "further attempts to mislead people".

Institute of Fiscal Studies manifesto analysis
On 28 November the Institute of Fiscal Studies (IFS) released their in-depth analysis of the manifestos of the three main national political parties. The analysis both provides a summary of the financial promises made by each party, and an inspection of the accuracy of claims around government income and expenditure. It was widely reported in the media, and is often used as a reference in interviews and debates involving politicians.

Their analysis of the Conservative manifesto concluded there was "essentially nothing new in the manifesto", that there was "little in the way of changes to tax, spending, welfare or anything else", and noted that they had already promised increases spending for health and education whilst in government. The Labour manifesto was described as introducing "enormous economic and social change", and increasing the role of the state to be bigger than anything in the last 40 years. They highlight a raft of changes in including free childcare, university, personal care and prescriptions, as well nationalisations, labour market regulations, increases in the minimum wage, and enforcing "effective ownership of 10% of large companies from current owners to a combination of employees and government". Although not as radical as the Labour manifesto, they note the Liberal Democrat manifesto is a "decisive move away from the policies of the past decade". The IFS described the figures stated in neither the Conservative or Labour manifesto as a "properly credible prospectus".

The Conservative manifesto was criticised for a commitment to not raise rates of income tax, NICs or VAT as this put a significant constraint to react events that might affect government finances, such as a potential failure to reach a negotiated settlement with the EU. The also state that it is "highly likely" spending would be higher than in their manifesto, partly due to a number of uncosted commitments.

The IFS stated they had "serious doubt" that tax rises proposed would raise the amount Labour suggested, and that they would need to introduce more broad based tax increases. They assess that the public sector does not have to capacity to increase investment spending as Labour would want. The IFS assesses the claim that tax rises will only hit the top 5% of earners, as "certainly progressive", but "clearly not true", with those under that threshold impacted by changes to the marriage allowance, taxes on dividends or capital gains, and lower wages/higher prices that might be passed on from corporation tax changes. Some of Labour's proposals are described as "huge and complex undertakings", where significant care is required in implementation. The IFS is particularly critical of the policy to compensate WASPI women, announced after the manifesto, which is a £58bn promise to women who are "relatively well off on average" and will result in public finances going off target. They note though that Labour's manifesto would not increase UK public spending as a share of national income above Germany.

Final leaderboard
Greta Thunberg (born 2003) is a Swedish climate activist who campaigns political policy and societal behaviour are not changing enough to reduce carbon emission by the levels required to avert a "climate crisis" caused by human activity.

In August 2018, at the age of 15, Thunberg began protesting by sitting outside the Riksdag every day for three weeks during school hours with the sign Skolstrejk för klimatet (school strike for the climate). Her demands were that the Swedish government reduce carbon emissions in accordance with the Paris Agreement. Her "school strike for the climate" began attracting media attention and other students then engaged in similar protests in their own communities. Together they organized a school climate strike movement, under the name Fridays for Future. There have been numerous coordinated multi-city protests supporting her cause, with the largest occurring on 15 March 2019 reported to involve over one million pupils in over 100 countries.

In addition to attending rallies in cities participating in the Fridays for Future protest, her profile has resulted in her receiving invitations to speak in various venues including the 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Katowice, the 2019 World Economic Forum (Davos), and France's lower house of parliament. In August 2019 she arrived in New York City to begin her climate demo tour of the Americas, including attending a UN Climate Action Summit in New York, and the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Santiago de Chile.

The term "Greta effect" has been used by the media to describe political or public actions that are perceived to have resulted from of her campaigning. Thunberg openly talks about her Asperger's syndrome, which she says limited her at times in her life, but was instrumental in her perspective and focus on the issue of climate change, which led to her protest movement.

Silver Medal winners
Since 1949, the Silver Medal is awarded to the leading amateur, provided that the player completes all 72 holes. In the earlier years wealthy individuals would often maintain their amateur status, and hence could win multiple times, such as Frank Stranahan who won it four times in the first five years (and was also the low amateur in 1947). In the modern era players often turn professional soon after winning the silver medal, and hence never have a chance for multiple wins. Tiger Woods and Rory McIlroy are the only silver medal winners who have gone on the win the Open.


 * 1949 – 🇺🇸 Frank Stranahan (USA)
 * 1950 – 🇺🇸 Frank Stranahan (2) (USA)
 * 1951 – 🇺🇸 Frank Stranahan (3) (USA)
 * 1952 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Jackie Jones (ENG)
 * 1953 – 🇺🇸 Frank Stranahan (4) (USA)
 * 1954 – 🇦🇺 Peter Toogood (AUS)
 * 1955 – 🇺🇸 Joe Conrad (USA)
 * 1956 – Joe Carr
 * 1957 – Dickson Smith
 * 1958 – Joe Carr (2)
 * 1959 – Reid Jack
 * 1960 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Guy Wolstenholme (ENG)
 * 1961 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Ronnie White (ENG)
 * 1962 – Charlie Green
 * 1963 – none
 * 1964 – none
 * 1965 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Michael Burgess (ENG)
 * 1966 – Ronnie Shade
 * 1967 – none
 * 1968 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Michael Bonallack (ENG)
 * 1969 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Peter Tupling (ENG)
 * 1970 – 🇺🇸 Steve Melnyk (USA)
 * 1971 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Michael Bonallack (2) (ENG)
 * 1972 – none
 * 1973 – 🇺🇸 Danny Edwards (USA)
 * 1974 – none
 * 1975 – none
 * 1976 – none
 * 1977 – none
 * 1978 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Peter McEvoy (ENG)
 * 1979 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Peter McEvoy (2) (ENG)
 * 1980 – 🇺🇸 Jay Sigel (USA)
 * 1981 – 🇺🇸 Hal Sutton (USA)
 * 1982 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Malcolm Lewis (ENG)
 * 1983 – none
 * 1984 – none
 * 1985 – 🇪🇸 José María Olazábal (ESP)
 * 1986 – none
 * 1987 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Paul Mayo (WAL)
 * 1988 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Paul Broadhurst (ENG)
 * 1989 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Russell Claydon (ENG)
 * 1990 – none
 * 1991 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Jim Payne (ENG)
 * 1992 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Daren Lee (ENG)
 * 1993 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Iain Pyman (ENG)
 * 1994 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Warren Bennett (ENG)
 * 1995 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Steve Webster (ENG)
 * 1996 – 🇺🇸 Tiger Woods (USA)
 * 1997 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Barclay Howard (ENG)
 * 1998 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Justin Rose (ENG)
 * 1999 – none
 * 2000 – none
 * 2001 – David Dixon
 * 2002 – none
 * 2003 – none
 * 2004 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Stuart Wilson (ENG)
 * 2005 – Lloyd Saltman
 * 2006 – 🇳🇴 Marius Thorp (NOR)
 * 2007 – Rory McIlroy
 * 2008 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Chris Wood (ENG)
 * 2009 – 🇮🇹 Matteo Manassero (ITA)
 * 2010 – 🇰🇷 Jin Jeong (KOR)
 * 2011 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Tom Lewis (ENG)
 * 2012 – none
 * 2013 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Matthew Fitzpatrick (ENG)
 * 2014 – none
 * 2015 – 🇺🇸 Jordan Niebrugge (USA)
 * 2016 – none
 * 2017 – 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Alfie Plant (ENG)
 * 2018 – Sam Locke
 * 2019 – none

Winners
The WGC - HSBC Champions is a professional golf tournament hosted at the Sheshan Golf Club in Shanghai,China, and is one of the four annual World Golf Championships.

Since 2009 it has been sanctioned and organized by the International Federation of PGA Tours (Asian Tour, European Tour, Japan Golf Tour, PGA Tour, PGA Tour of Australasia and Sunshine Tour) and the China Golf Association. It is part of the official schedule on the PGA Tour (since 2013) and the European Tour. The winner receives a wedgwood trophy called the Old Tom Morris Cup.

Career Timeline
––––––– – Turned professional ––––––– – Won 10th European Tour event. ––––––– – Won the FedEx Cup
 * 1997 – Played in the Walker Cup.
 * 1998 – Finished tied fourth in the Open Championship at Royal Birkdale, winning the silver medal for the low amateur.
 * 1999 – Earned his first European Tour card.
 * 2000 –
 * 2001 –
 * 2002 – Won his first professional event, the Dunhill Championship in South Africa.
 * 2003 – Joined the PGA Tour.
 * 2004 –
 * 2005 –
 * 2006 –
 * 2007 – Won the European Tour Order of Merit.
 * 2008 – First appearance in the Ryder Cup in Valhalla Golf Club, Kentucky.
 * 2009 –
 * 2010 – Won his first PGA Tour event, the Memorial Tournament.
 * 2011 –
 * 2012 –
 * 2013 – Won the U.S. Open at Merion Golf Club, Pennsylvania.
 * 2014 –
 * 2015 –
 * 2016 – Won Olympic gold in Rio.
 * 2017 – Lost in a sudden-death playoff at the Masters.
 * 2018 – Ranked World Number One for the first time.
 * 2019 – Won 10th PGA Tour event

Pre launch
A company called 'The Brexit Party Limited' was incorporated with Companies House on 23 November 2018. It was formally announced on 20 January 2019 by former UKIP economics spokesperson Catherine Blaiklock, who served as the party's initial leader. On 5 February 2019, it was registered with the United Kingdom Electoral Commission to run candidates in any English, Scottish, Welsh and European Union elections. The registration including providing a written constitution, which described the party as a "democratic, classical liberal party".

Soon after the party was announced in January 2019, Blaiklock made it clear former UKIP leader Nigel Farage was key to the plans saying "I won't run it without Nigel, I'm a nobody and I haven't got any ego to say that I am an anybody", and that: "I'm happy to facilitate Nigel and do the donkey work and work for him, but I don't have any illusions as to myself". Farage was an independent MEP, having left UKIP in early December 2018, criticising the party's association with Tommy Robinson. In early February Farage, along with eight other serving MEPs who were elected as members of UKIP, joined the Brexit Party.

On 20 March 2019 Blaiklock resigned after some of her previous tweets were discovered relating to Islam, which she admitted "fall well short of what is expected in any walk of life". Nigel Farage took over as the leader and said the party "is at the moment a virtual party – it's a website".

Official launch and 2019 European elections
On 12th April 2019, the party's official launch took place in Coventry. In his speech, Farage said he was angry, and was fighting for a "democratic revolution in British politics". A list of 70 candidates for the elections was announced, and it was revealed the party had received £750,000 online over 10 days, made up of small donations of up to £500. When asked pre launch about how the party differed from UKIP, Farage replied, "In terms of policy, there's no difference, but in terms of personnel there is a vast difference". In the following days the party secured five further MEP defections from UKIP, and announced several more candidates including former senior Conservative, Ann Widdecombe, and the writers Claire Fox and James Heartfield (both once part of the Revolutionary Communist Party and later writers for Spiked). In May, four members of the Welsh Assembly defected from UKIP and joined the party.

The Brexit party ran a campaign for the 2019 European elections on the theme of democracy and its supposed betrayal. It gained 30.5% of the UK national vote, to become the largest single party in the European Parliament with 29 seats. It topped the poll in all regions except for London and Scotland (and Northern Ireland which has different political parties).

Post 2019 European elections
The party is planning to fight the 2019 Peterborough by-election on the 6th June.

Quote
"This one’s definitely at the top of the list in how emotionally spent I am and how mentally spent I am. I'm just glad we didn't have to play any more holes. That was a stressful round of golf. The wind was up. DJ played awesome, congrats to him, he put the pressure on. But I'm glad to have this thing back in my hands."

Did he know what Dustin was doing up ahead? "How could you not, with the DJ chants and everything?. He did an unbelievable job putting pressure on me, making me played some solid golf at the end. I don’t even know if I've dreamed of this, it's so cool. I'm still in shock, it's awesome!"

Populism
The British media generally describe The Brexit Party as populist, both by supporters who use the phase

a loosely defined term for a party that claims to champion "ordinary people" who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups, and is often used pejoratively to criticize a politician for pandering to a people’s fear.

When asked about the populist label Farage stated "You call it what you want to call it. I see the whole of western world politics utterly dominated by a handful of giant multinationals and a career political class.”

Lede
The Brexit Party is a newly formed Eurosceptic political party in the United Kingdom. It currently campaigns for the single-issue “that the United Kingdom shall cease to be a member of the European Union and shall not thereafter make any treaty or join any international organisation which involves in any way the surrender of any part of the United Kingdom’s sovereignty”. The party advocates trading with the EU on standard World Trade Organization terms until a new trade deal can be agreed. It is planning to unveil additional policies after the 2019 European Parliament elections.

The party was formed in January 2019, and has been led by former UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage, since March of the same year. The party currently has fourteen Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), and four Welsh Assembly members, all of whom were elected as UKIP candidates. Most of the currently elected members, including Farage, cite UKIPs move to the "hard right" as the reason for leaving and forming a new party.

Farage has described his admiration for how fellow Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy members, Italy's Five Star Movement, have managed to grow from a protest group into the country's largest political party in both houses of the Italian Parliament. He has described the Brexit Party as doing the same kind of thing and "running a company, not a political party, hence our model of registered supporters" and building a base using an online platform. Like the M5S, the Brexit party is often described as populist, and trying to transcend the left-right political spectrum.

Currently the Brexit Party leads the polls going into the 2019 European Parliament elections with around 30% of the vote. Despite the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union falling under the legislative remit of MPs rather than MEPs, the party's electoral leaflets position the party as "fighting back" against the "betrayal" of the government and MPs to implement the outcome 2016 referendum, where the majority voted in favour of leaving the European Union. Talking about the direction of the party in the future Farage has framed the party as counter to the frustration "about the way the establishment has behaved".

List of Players, Countries, and Continents by number of Open Championships won
References:

Players with multiple national identities
In the earlier year's of the Open, the concept of an official sporting national identity was not firmly established. As such there are a few players where there is historical records of them being referred to as more than one nationality. For the purpose of creating lists which use nationality, the nationality used for these players will be subjective. Some modern golf organisations avoid assigning official sporting nationality by using terms such as "Scottish born" and "American based".

Jock Hutchison, Jim Barnes, and Tommy Armour
In the 1920's it was common for British professionals to emigrate to America to take advantage of the high demand for club professionals as the popularity of golf grew.

Notes on nationality of these three players:


 * They were all born in Britain, and emigrated in their early twenties. Hutchison and Armour became US citizen's before their Open wins.
 * The World Golf Hall of Fame notes about Barnes: "He never became an American citizen, remaining an intensely patriotic Cornishman."
 * Tommy Armour was nicknamed the "Silver Scot", and is a member of the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame.
 * The nationality used by the R&A on The Open website, for their wins, is "American".
 * Barnes and Armour also won the U.S. Open. The USGA doesn't show a nationality next to names in the leaderboard, but in the accompanying narrative they describe the players as "Englishman Jim Barnes" and "Tommy Armour, of Scotland"
 * They all won the PGA Championship, which gives a national identity as Scotland or England, but defines International PGA champions as "Internationally born players".
 * Some represented the US vs GB in 1921 and 1926 in team events, but when the Ryder Cup began in 1927, the PGA of America deemed them ineligible for the US team.

Harry Vardon and Ted Ray
Jersey is a British crown dependency, and is not part of the United Kingdom. People born in crown dependencies are British, and generally represent either Britain (e.g. Heather Watson, and Mark Cavendish ), or England (e.g. Graeme Le Saux ) in international sport. There are times they can compete under the flag of the dependency, such as the Commonwealth games.

Notes on nationality of these two players:


 * They were both born in Jersey, and spent most of their adult lives in England. Vardon's father was English, and mother French.
 * The nationality used by the R&A on The Open website, for their wins, is "English".
 * Both won the U.S. Open, and the USGA does not assign nationality on the leaderboard, but the narrative does describe Vardon as a "fellow countryman" of Englishman J.H. Taylor.
 * They both represented England vs Scotland multiple times in the England–Scotland Professional Match.
 * In modern professional golf, there are examples of being able to compete under the Jersey flag. There is no modern precedent for the flag under which a player might compete in an event such as the World Cup of Golf, and competing under the England flag would remain feasible.

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