User:Josephryanorr/Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto

= Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto =

Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto is a Washington, D.C.-based international whistleblower rights law firm specializing in anti-corruption and whistleblower law, representing whistleblowers who seek rewards, or who are facing employer retaliation, for reporting violations of the False Claims Act, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform, Sarbanes-Oxley Acts, Commodity and Security Exchange Acts and the IRS Whistleblower law.

The firm's most notable client is Danske Bank whistleblower Howard Wilkinson, who exposed what many experts believe to be the largest money-laundering scandal in world banking history. Other notable clients include Bradley Birkenfeld, a private banker who blew the whistle on UBS AG's aiding and abetting of tax fraud by the Swiss bank's American clientele, and Linda Tripp, the former White House and U.S. Department of Defense employee who blew the whistle on President Bill Clinton's affair with Monica Lewinsky.

Current Operations
Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto specializes in a variety of anti-corruption and whistleblower law practice areas, including tax evasion, securities and commodities fraud, qui tam, environmental crimes, animal trafficking, and white-collar crime. The firm has also worked on behalf of whistleblowers who have suffered workplace retaliation for reporting fraud internally.

Working with the National Whistleblower Center, Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto is active on a range of pro bono works. KKC has provided pro bono representation to public interest organizations and whistleblowers at congressional policy and legislative hearings. The firm has submitted numerous amicus curiae briefs in landmark whistleblowing cases before the Supreme Court to establish legal precedents on whistleblower protection laws.

KKC has also served the public interest by filing various reports and petitions to contribute to the Securities and Exchange Commission and Internal Revenue Service whistleblower rulemaking. They have worked toward strengthening whistleblower reward provisions in major environmental and wildlife protection laws by advocating the effectiveness of incentivizing whistleblowers worldwide in preventing environmental crimes.

Founding and Establishment
Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto was founded in 1988 by Stephen Kohn, Michael Kohn, and David Colapinto. The three partners also founded the National Whistleblower Center in 1988.

Initial Cases (1985-1989)
Before founding Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto, the future partners represented whistleblowers in complex civil litigation against major corporations, including Duke Power Company, Brown & Root, Inc. Texas Utilities, DuPont, B.F. Shaw Co., and Arizona Public Service.

Roger Wensil & Joy Adams (1985-87) and Disqualifying Unethical Corporate Law Firm
Among their early victories was disqualifying the most prestigious corporate law firm representing nuclear utilities for unethical conduct, winning the first-ever succesful whistleblower case at a nuclear weapons plant, including reinstatement orders for whistleblowers Roger Wensil and Joy Adams.

Douglas Plumley, Howard Samuel Nunn and Kansas Gas and Electric (1985-88)
Doug Plumley was a federal prisoner at the maximum-security prison in Lompoc, California in 1987. Plumley lost his job with the federal prison training program after writing a letter of complaint about the use of allegedly hazardous chemicals at Lompoc. He then filed another complaint concerning his dismissal to the Department of Labor. Plumley's case led to a ruling by an administrative law judge that prison inmates can be considered “federal employees,” thus protected against employer retribution under the whistleblower protection law.

The Village Voice (1988)
Stephen Kohn represented The Village Voice newspaper in a high-profile case regarding depositions conducted in the controversial Iran-Contra affair. Kohn successfully argued that The Voice has a right to sit in on pretrial depositions, over the objection of one of the Iran-Contra defendants. The U.S. District Court agreed and set national precedent on this issue. The case was widely reported in the New York Times, the ABA Journal and other publications, and remains the controlling precedent.

Joseph J. Macktal and Hush Money (1988)
Founded in July 1988, Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto's earliest case involved representing whistleblower Joseph J. Macktal, a journeyman electrician who was retaliated against and eventually terminated as a result of raising safety concerns at the KBR's Comanche Peak nuclear power plant.

In 1986, Macktal filed a whistleblower retaliation lawsuit against the prime contractor at the Comanche Peak nuclear power construction site. The agreement contained a restrictive non-disclosure agreement prohibiting Macktal from raising safety concerns with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Macktal strongly objected to the non-disclosure agreement, but was told by his then-attorneys that he no choice, and to sign away his rights in order to settle his employment case. In

1988 Macktal terminated his prior lawyers and hired the law firm of Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto for the purpose of challenging the legality of his settlement agreement, which he termed as a “hush money” deal. Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto released Macktal's agreement to the public and asked the NRC and Department of Labor to find the agreement void against public policy. They also contacted the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Nuclear Regulation requesting that they exercise their oversight responsibility to outlaw these types of agreements nation-wide. This dispute lead to a nationwide debate and was followed by a series of proceedings in which Macktal systemically outlawed the practice.

The case included a successful appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, forcing the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to prohibit restrictive non-disclosure agreements nation-wide. Ultimately decisions in the Labor Department found the settlement void, permitting Macktal to reinstate his labor case and keep the settlement money he was paid, while also continuing to sue KBR. The Macktal case was the first case outlawing restrictive non-disclosure under whistleblower laws.

Vera English (1990)
Vera English was a lab technician at one of the nuclear facilities owned and operated by the General Electric Company. English was terminated from her position after exposing radioactive contamination in the facility. Her case went to the supreme court, English v. General Electric Company, and set a precent allowing whistleblowers to seek cases under state law. Her win also displayed the application of whistleblower protection legislation in cases of whistleblowing in nuclear energy cases.

Linda Mitchell (1992)
Linda Mitchell was an engineer at the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station when she blew the whistle on the Arizona Public Service Company (APS) – the owner of the generating station.

In 1985, Mitchell reported a number of safety concerns she observed at Palo Verde to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Most notably, Mitchell brought concerns to management regarding a computer program the facility was using, as well as the layout of the plant. In 1989, Mitchell filed a complaint to the NRC, alleging that the Arizona Public Service Company had attempted to suppress an ongoing NRC investigation and the findings of safety issues at Palo Verde. Soon after her reporting, she was subjected to harassment personally and at the facility.

In 1992, Mitchell won a Department of Labor discrimination lawsuit, and in 1994, was granted permission to have a public hearing before the NRC's Atomic Safety and Licensing Board. She also requested three of the units at Palo Verde be reduced to zero percent power until a further safety review could be conducted.

Sarah Thomas (1993)
Sarah Thomas was a Radiation Waste Aide at the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station when she blew the whistle on the Arizona Public Service Company (APS) – the owner of the generation station. Soon after her reporting, she was subjected to harassment personally and at the facility. She filed a complaint with the Department of Labor concerning various safety violations, a failure to promote, and harassment on the job. APS was ordered to promote Thomas to a senior technician position, and also provide her with damages as a result of the discrimination.

William Marcus (1994)
William Marcus was a Senior Science Advisor to the Environmental Protection Agency, when he witnessed the Office of Drinking Water approve a policy that added fluoride to the nations drinking water. He was immediately fired for his report, which claimed that fluoride could increase cancer rates in the population.

Marcus' testimony led to the founding of various frauds committed by major chemical companies who tried to suppress his safety concerns. In front of an Administrative Law Judge, Marcus won his case and was instated with full back pay, as well as significant award damages for his suffering.

Allen Mosbaugh (1995)
Allen Mosbaugh worked as a superintendent of engineering liaison at the Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, owned by the Georgia Power Company. In 1989, Mosbaugh sent the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) a memo about a violation of technical specifications, in regards to specific valves at the plant.

In 1990, Mosbaugh joined Marvin Hobby in petition the NRC to perform a review of the Georgia Power Company, asking to impose civil penalties for dangerous operation of the facility. They also petitioned the NRC to petitioned for penalties for the illegal transfer of control to the Southern Nuclear Operating Company. In that same year, Mosbaugh was terminated from his position.

He immediately filed a complaint alleging that his termination was an act of retaliation under the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974. In 1992, two years of filing his complaint, The Administrative Law Judge on his case ruled that the Georgia Power Company had not acted in retaliation. However, in 1993, the NRC issued a report that supported Mosbaugh's claim, and in 1995, the Secretary of Labor concluded that he had in fact been retaliated against.

William Sanjour (1995)
William Sanjour worked in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) hazardous waste division during the 1970s and was an employee for over 25 years. Throughout his career, Sanjour challenged numerous safety practices of the agency to ensure the EPA was properly dealing with hazardous waste.

In 1995, Sanjour won a lawsuit which set a nationwide precent and First Amendment right permitting federal employees to blow the on their employers. In Sanjour v. EPA, Sanjour challenged numerous rules, which restricted EPA employees from speaking with environmental groups. This decisions is still in affect today.

In 2007, Sanjour was the recipient of the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) Sentinel Award, which recognizes those who “choose truth over self.”

Shannon Doyle (1996)
Shannon Doyle worked at Alabama Power's J.M. Farley Nuclear Plant, when in 1989, he reported safety violates to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). He filed his complaint against Hydro Nuclear Services under the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, when the company decided not to hire him as a casual employee because he did not sign a release that allowed the company to perform a background check.

Frederic Whitehurst (1997)
Frederic Whitehurst is considered the first modern-day FBI whistleblower. In the 1990s, Whitehurst worked as a chemist for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and was one of their top experts in explosive residues. During his career, Whitehurst reported a lack of scientific standards and serious flaws in the FBI Laboratory. This included the first World Trade Center bombing and Oklahoma City bombing.

Whitehurst's whistleblowing triggered a massive reexamination of the FBI Laboratory following a report by the US Department of Justice Inspector General in 1997. President Clinton ordered the Attorney General to implement the laws. In 1997, Whitehurst testified at the House Judiciary Subcommittee hearings on the FBI Laboratory. Whitehurst filed a federal lawsuit claiming whistleblower retaliation. He reached a settlement with the FBI worth $1.16 million.

Whitehurst now directs the FBI Oversight Project of the National Whistleblower Center.

Linda Tripp (1998)
Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto gained nationwide attention representing whistleblower Linda Tripp regarding her revelations of Monica Lewinsky's involvement in the sex scandal that brought about the impeachment of President Bill Clinton.

The revelations that Lewinsky and Clinton had lied in their legal filings in the sexual harassment case brought against the sitting president by Paula Jones, and that Lewinsky had tried to suborn perjury from Tripp, who knew about her affair with Clinton, was one of the main factors influencing the articles of impeachment voted by the House of Representatives.

Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto handled Tripp's lawsuit against the Justice Department and the Department of Defense under the Privacy Act of 1974. Tripp had sued the government for violating her rights under the Privacy Act alleging that the Clinton Administration leaked confidential details of her employment record to the press. The government eventually settled with Tripp, including agreeing to a one-time payment of more than $595,000, a retroactive promotion, and retroactive pay at the highest salary for 1998, 1999 and 2000. She also received a pension and was cleared to work for the federal government again.

Tripp died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 70 on April 8, 2020.

Paul Jayko (2000)
Paul Jayko was an Environmental Specialist for the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. In 1997, Jayko was assigned as a site coordinator for River Valley Schools area, he discovered that school buildings were built on a site of a former military installation, where carcinogenic materials were buried and disposed. When he attempted to investigate the link between the site and the increased incidence of leukemia in the area, Jayko gradually lost his responsibilities and was ultimately terminated. Later, the manager behind the retaliation against Jayko lost his bid to become Director Enforcement for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in large part due to the finding by the judge in the Jayko case that the head of the Ohio's EPA personally retaliated against Mr. Jayko.

James J. Bobreski (2001)
James J. Bobreski was a contracted process control technician when he blew the whistle on the D.C. Water and Sewage Authority. While working at the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater treatment plant, Bobreski raised concerns that the plant's safety alarms were functioning incorrectly and a chlorine gas leak had occurred at Blue Plains. He was soon terminated after notifying supervisors of faulty gas sensors, and in defense, Brobreski took his story to The Washington Post describing WASA's reprisal. In 2001, Bobreski filed a whistleblower protection complaint with the Department of Labor and won. It was ruled in 20015 that Bobreski's whistleblower protection had been violated.

Bassem Youssef (2001)
Bassem Youssef was a Unit Chief in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Counterterrorism Division. Youssef blew the whistle on FBI hiring practices and sued the FBI for discrimination in 2003. In his lawsuit, he claimed that in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, he had been passed over for promotions to work in counterterrorism, even though he had relevant experience and was one of the only fluent Arabic speakers at his level at the FBI at the time. Instead, others with less relevant experience and skills were promoted to counterterrorism positions. Youssef spoke out against these practices, saying that he was retaliated against. He was assigned a desk job and stated that post-9/11, his skills as an Arabic speaker and polygraph examiner had not been used. In 2006, the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility ruled that the FBI had illegally retaliated against Youssef because of his whistleblowing.

Richard Convertino (2002)
Richard Covertino is a former federal prosecutor who obtained the first conviction of a defendant in a terrorism case post-9/11. Convertino testified before the U.S. Senate Finance Committee in September 2003 about the lack of support coming from the Bush Administration on anti-terrorism prosecutions after 9/11. Convertino alleged that the Justice Department leaked information and violated a court order to publicly smear him in retaliation for his whistleblowing. Convertino filed a lawsuit against the Department of Justice under the Privacy Act, in response to the retaliation he experienced. Additionally, the Justice Department indicted Convertino for obstruction of justice and lying, which Convertino alleges is further retaliation.

The Department of Justice later dropped their charges against Convertino.

Sibel Edmonds (2002)
Sibel Edmonds is a former FBI translator naturalized American citizen of Turkish descent who was terminated in 2002 by the FBI for attempting to report cover-ups of security issues, potential espionage, and incompetence. She was gagged by the State Secrets Privilege in her efforts to go to court on these issues, including a rejection in 2005 by the Supreme Court of the United States to hear her case without comment. Ms. Edmonds pursued a successful Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case to document the FBI’s retaliation against her, and obtained critical findings from the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Inspector General confirming that the FBI had retaliated against her from reporting misconduct to the proper authorities.

Marvin Hobby (2002)
Marvin Hobby was a top ranking corporate officer at Georgia Power Company who reported safety issues at nuclear power plants. In 1989, Hobby informed upper management at the company that they were not following government policies as it prepared to turn over control of a plant in Waynesboro, Georgia. A few months later, Hobby was terminated from his position. In 1995, the Secretary of Labor issued a decision that found Georgia Power Company guilty of violating the whistleblower protection provisions of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 when they terminated Hobby. Twelve years after reporting his concerns, Hobby was paid $4 million by Georgia Power Co. for his suffering.

David Lewis (2002)
Dr. David Lewis was a senior research microbiologist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. His research assessing the link between human health and use of treated sewage sludge prompted the Centers for Disease Control to issue guidelines protecting workers handling treated sewage sludge.

John Roberts (2002)
John Roberts was a former Unit Chief in the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Office of Professional Responsibility. In 2001, Roberts testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee about the pattern of misconduct surfacing at the highest level of the FBI.

Despite having obtained permission to appear on the CBS program 60 Minutes to discuss these matters, he was harassed and retaliated against for making public disclosures. This was the first case in FBI history that a senior-level manager was removed from his position based on his mistreatment of Mr. Roberts. The Roberts retaliation case led to federal legislation strengthening the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 to ensure FBI whistleblowers have the same rights under the law as any other federal employee.

Jane Turner (2002)
Jane Turner worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation for over 25 years as FBI Special Agent who led the Bureau’s highly successful program combating child sex crimes and crimes against women on Indian Reservations in North Dakotah. Turner blew the whistle on the mishandling of child sex crime case, and in response to her reporting, was removed from her position in an act of retaliation. In 2005, the U.S Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit upheld the right of Turner to obtain a jury trial against the FBI and monetary damages.

Turner also blew the whistle after witnessing her colleagues stealing items from Ground Zero of 9/11 during inspections of the site. In 2007, Turner won the final judgement when the Department of Justice vetoed the FBI's appeal of a jury verdict that found the FBI guilty of illegal retaliation against Turner. Turner's case has since been used by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and the U.S. Senate in understanding how to strengthen the FBI Whistleblower Program.

Aaron Westrick (2002)
Dr. Aaron Westrick was the research director for Second Chance Body Armor ("SCBA"), the largest manufacturer and supplier of body armor in the United States. Westrick witnessed a rapid decline in the quality of bulletproof vests being made with “Zylon” fiber after the material was scientifically proven to deteriorate at an alarming rate in certain environments. Westrick warned top officials at SCBA and Zylon manufacturer Toyobo Co. Ltd. that covering up defects and ignoring the problem would put federal, state, local and tribal law enforcement agencies' lives at risk and lead to disastrous consequences for the company.

In 2003, a California police officer was shot and killed while wearing a vest made with Zylon fiber, prompting Westrick to file a False Claims Act lawsuit against SCBA and Toyobo Co., Ltd. in 2004. In 2005, the United States Government intervened in the case on behalf of Westrick and after a 13-year legal battle with the Japanese manufacturer of Zylon, Toyobo Co. Ltd., the company agreed to pay a $66 million settlement to the United States for damages.

Bunny Greenhouse (2004)
Bunnatine "Bunny" Greenhouse is a former chief civilian contracting officer for the United States Army Corps of Engineers who in 2005, exposed illegal no-bid contracts for reconstruction in Iraq by a Halliburton subsidiary. The Army retaliated against Greenhouse by terminating her position as a high-level contractor. She testified before the Senate Democratic Policy Committee Hearing in 2007 about her experience blowing the whistle and the aftermath of her disclosure.

Cate Jenkins (2006)

Cate Jenkins worked for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a senior chemist. Jenkins wrote memos to the EPA Inspector General, U.S. Congress, and FBI detailing the chemical composition of dust from the September 11 attacks and its hazards to responders. She alerted The New York Times in 2006 and said in a 2009 CBS interview that the EPA explicitly lied about the danger of the dust which caused chemical burns in the lungs of responders, debilitating illnesses in many that included fatalities, and that it could have been prevented with proper safety equipment. Jenkins claims that the EPA has been misleading about evidence of debris inhalation hazards since the 1980s. She was fired and in 2012 successfully sued to be reinstated.

Murphy tax case (2006)
One of the firm's clients was defeated after a preliminary victory in the tax refund case of Murphy v. IRS, in which the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia originally held unconstitutional to the extent the statute purports to tax emotional distress awards unrelated to lost wages. On December 22, 2006, the Court vacated its own judgment in that case.

According to the Web site Tax Analysts, Murphy v. IRS "is not only one of the most significant tax decisions in decades, but it is also one of the most important constitutional cases in decades as well". The now-voided ruling had shaken up the tax community as it is rare for a federal court to hold that a tax law is unconstitutional.

The case was argued for the appellants by Colapinto, who was assisted on the briefs by S. Kohn.

On July 3, 2007, the Court ruled against Ms. Murphy. The court held (1) that the taxpayer's compensation was received on account of a non-physical injury or sickness; (2) that gross income under section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code does include compensatory damages for non-physical injuries, even if the award is not an "accession to wealth," (3) that the income tax imposed on an award for non-physical injuries is an indirect tax, regardless of whether the recovery is restoration of "human capital," and therefore the tax does not violate the constitutional requirement of Article I, section 9, that capitations or other direct taxes must be laid among the states only in proportion to the population; (4) that the income tax imposed on an award for non-physical injuries does not violate the constitutional requirement of Article I, section 8, that all duties, imposts, and excises be uniform throughout the United States; (5) that under the doctrine of sovereign immunity, the Internal Revenue Service may not be sued in its own name. The Court stated: "[a]lthough the 'Congress cannot make a thing income which is not so in fact,' [ . . . ] it can label a thing income and tax it, so long as it acts within its constitutional authority, which includes not only the Sixteenth Amendment but also Article I, Sections 8 and 9." The court ruled that the personal injury award Ms. Murphy received was "within the reach of the congressional power to tax under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution"—even if the award was "not income within the meaning of the Sixteenth Amendment". Ms. Murphy's tax refund claim was denied.

An appeal subsequently filed for a rehearing en banc was denied on September 14, 2007. The decision was upheld when the U.S. Supreme Court denied review on April 21, 2008.

Daniel Richardson (2007)
Daniel Richardson is a former Senior District Business Manager for Bristol-Myers Squibb. With other whistleblowers, Richardson filed qui tam action against their employer for illegal drug pricing and marketing activities that resulted in increased Medicare and Medicaid costs. The company had to pay $515 million fines and penalties to resolve a broad array of federal and state civil allegations. Richardson and the other whistleblowers received a total of approximately $50 million in rewards.

Bradley Birkenfeld (2012)
The firm represented Bradley Birkenfeld, a whistleblower who worked for UBS and uncovered IRS fraud. In 2012, Birkenfeld was awarded the largest-ever award of $104 million by the IRS for his disclosures on tax evasion by UBS AG clients.

Bradley Birkenfeld was the first Swiss banker to file an IRS whistleblower claim, exposing thousands of illegal offshore accounts and ultimately leading to Mr. Birkenfeld receiving the largest qui tam whistleblower award in history, $104 million.

Birkenfeld worked at UBS bank, where he assisted wealthy Americans in hiding their assets in Swiss accounts to avoid U.S. taxes and conceal their assets under strict Swiss banking secrecy laws. In 2007, Birkenfeld broke the seal of secrecy by approaching authorities and offering details on illegal tax havens run by UBS. As a result of his whistleblowing, UBS was ordered to pay $780 million in fines and agreed to turn over the names of thousands of Americans involved in tax evasion.

Birkenfeld’s disclosures were unprecedented and changed the use of whistleblowers to detect tax frauds forever. As of 2018, the IRS announced more than 56,000 taxpayers used one of the programs to comply voluntarily with a total of $11.1 billion paid in back taxes, interest, and penalties.

Julio Escobar (2016)
Julio Escobar and his wife Carmen Correa filed a whistleblower lawsuit against the Universal Health Services (UHS) after the death of their teenage daughter Yarushka Rivera. Rivera died of a seizure after being treated at Arbour Counseling Services, a mental health service provider operated by UHS. An investigation into the death revealed that Arbour had violated the state Medicaid regulations during Rivera's treatment by allowing unlicensed and unsupervised clinicians to diagnose and prescribe medication. The unanimous Supreme Court decision on Universal Health v. Escobar set a significant precedent that permits corporations to be liable for fraud under the False Claims Act when they fail to disclose material non-compliance with regulatory requirements.

Howard Wilkinson (2018)
The firm also represented Howard Wilkinson, who blew the whistle on a money laundering scheme within the Estonian branch of Deutsche Bank. In 2018, details of the money laundering scheme became public, and it was revealed that the scheme involved $230 billion.

Howard Wilkinson is a former manager at Danske Bank who exposed what some call is the largest money laundering scandal in banking history. Wilkinson confidentially reported information of massive frauds internally, but his employer tried to cover up the crimes.

News of the $234 billion money laundering scandal, which involved turning Russian rubles into U.S. dollars, began to leak months after Wilkinson made his disclosures. Wilkinson resigned from Danske Bank for ethical reasons and signed a highly restrictive non-disclosure agreement as a condition for obtaining his severance. Wilkinson’s name was illegally leaked to the press and he became the subject of a 60 Minutes segment.

In 2020, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) awarded Wilkinson with the Cliff Robertson Sentinel Award “For Choosing Truth Over Self,” its highest honor.

Greek Novartis Whistleblowers (2020)
Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto and Athens-based Greek law firm of Pavlos K. Sarakis & Associates jointly represented Greek whistleblowers who proved that the multinational Swiss-based pharmaceutical company Novartis paid millions in bribes to illegally market drugs in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Novartis was required to pay over $300 million in sanctions and fines to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ).

Novartis Greece Bribery Case
Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto and Athens-based Greek law firm of Pavlos K. Sarakis & Associates jointly represented Greek whistleblowers who proved that the multinational Swiss-based pharmaceutical company Novartis paid millions in bribes to illegally market drugs in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Novartis was required to pay over $300 million in sanctions and fines to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ).

Securities Exchange Commission Rulemaking
During the Dodd-Frank rule-making process, the firms partners worked closely with the SEC to create an effective whistleblower program. This resulted in the SEC approving KKC's recommendations that enhance and strengthen the whistleblower reward program:


 * Establishing the right of corporate compliance officials and directors to obtain rewards; and
 * Ensuring that employees who “participated” in fraud but did not “plan and initiate” the fraud, could receive rewards.

KKC attorneys chaired formal meetings with the Division of Enforcement, and individual meetings with each SEC Commissioner to present detailed reports and proposals setting forth rules that were essential to make the Dodd-Frank Act work as intended by Congress.

IRS Rulemaking
The firm has filed numerous internal revenue service rulemaking petitions, extensive briefs and testified at IRS rulemaking hearings to strengthen the tax whistleblower program.


 * November 29, 2012: KKC filed an extensive brief on behalf of the National Whistleblower Center before the IRS strongly urging it to reward whistleblowers who exposed criminal tax frauds.
 * February 19, 2013: KKC authored an 84-page comment, on behalf of the NWC, on the proposed IRS whistleblower rules, actively opposing the criminal disqualification.
 * April 16, 2013: One of our tax whistleblower attorneys testified at the IRS rulemaking hearing opposing the criminal reward disqualification.
 * June 5, 2014: We provided the Secretary of Treasury with an exhaustive 55-page scholarly article co-authored by KKC partner Stephen M. Kohn and Dean Zerbe that explained in detail the legal basis as to why the criminal reward disqualification was illegal and the why the IRS should not approve it. A copy of this article, published in Tax Notes, is available here.
 * Finally, Dean Zerbe and Steve Kohn agreed to work with the legal team representing anonymous whistleblowers 21276/77-13W, to ensure that the IRS program correctly implemented the whistleblower reward laws and that any reward calculation included criminal fines and penalties.

On July 1, 2019, The Taxpayer First Act became law. The Taxpayer First Act closed loopholes in corporate whistleblower protections. Employees who expose tax fraud, which often include violations of the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering law, are protected from retaliation. These anti-retaliation provisions are:

The Taxpayer First Act also enhances the existing IRS whistleblower reward program by permitting full and open communication between the IRS Whistleblower Office and whistleblowers.
 * The right to reinstatement and double back-pay;
 * No mandatory arbitration;
 * Expeditious administrative remedies with the right to go to federal court for a jury trial;
 * Compensatory damages such as special damage, attorneys fees, and costs, awarded only to a whistleblower who prevails in an employment case.

National Whistleblower Center
Stephen Kohn, Michael Kohn, and David Colapinto founded the National Whistleblower Center in 1988. The National Whistleblower Center is a nonprofit organization that provides legal services to whistleblowers, promotes awareness and education for whistleblowers, and engages in grassroots advocacy.

Amicus Curiae
The firm has sought to expand whistleblower protections by filing numerous amicus curiae briefs on behalf of whistleblowers and whistleblower advocacy groups. The firm has filed amicus briefs in the Supreme Court on a host of issues, from the constitutionality of the False Claims Act to the scope of numerous anti-retaliation or reward laws.

U.S. Senate and House of Representatives
The firm has represented numerous clients at oversight investigations and hearings conducted by the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. Working pro bono, our attorneys have also represented public interest organizations and whistleblowers at congressional policy and legislative hearings.

Martindale-Hubbell AV Preeminent
Each of the partners of Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto, LLP have an AV Preeminent rating from the Martindale-Hubbell Bar Register of Preeminent Lawyers. This rating is based on a peer review survey conducted by Martindale-Hubbell, which reflects a combination of achieving a Very High General Ethical Standards rating and a Legal Ability numerical rating.