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Judaism
Haredi Judaism, also known as ultra-Orthodox Judaism, has been criticized for instituting gender apartheid policies. Comprising a small but steadily growing minority within the Jewish culture, Haredi Judaism is distinguished by its followers’ clothing and general appearance: unshaven beards, long dark overcoats, and wide-brimmed hats for men; and modestly covered women. Accusations of gender apartheid point towards the culture’s repressive nature and sex segregation, excluding women from conferences and public spaces such as buses and supermarkets. Additionally, public images of women have been defaced in ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities, and young Jewish girls have been spat on and called prostitutes for wearing clothing deemed immodest. Reports suggest that it is largely Haredi fundamentalists who are responsible for acts of gender apartheid, and that the Haredi community as a whole does not condone such practices.

Israel
Israel has been recognized as a site for gender apartheid in light of fundamentalist ultra-Orthodox Jews. While women customarily sit in the back of buses in parts of Israel, no formal edict enforces such. However, one incident arose in December 2011 in which an ultra-Orthodox man asked a woman seated in the front of the bus to move towards the back; her subsequent refusal spurred a larger gathering. Police intervention ultimately broke apart the confrontation. Regarding the event, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu expressed his support for public spaces for all and unity within the community.