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The pin-up model has been practiced since the 1890’s. Mass produced commodities to sell to mass culture Including paintings,photographs,and illustrations.The models were fashion models, and actors. By the 20th century, pin up posters had become fairly popular. Male pin-up models were not as apparent but there were some pinups marketed towards women, as well as homoerotic. The late 1800’s, burlesque performers used pin ups as advertisement, making this style of presentation visible to the public.

Disrupting tradition of women in the public domain. ''The conventions of this era tied women to their gender performance and hidden sexuality. If a woman was in the public eye, she was considered as sexually available. They were sexualized but not as sex workers, they were idealized models for beautiful women. The morality of the pin up has been argued since it emerged. On one hand, it is an advancement from the Victorian era which shamed women into covering up. Some believed it corrupted public space, in lowering standards of dignity of woman. Sexualizing women into objects for the benefit of men. Aesthetic was a big signifier of this art form. The fashion is set in a retro era. Displaying sleek makeup done up hair to reflect a glamour model.''

= Pin-up model = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A pin-up model (known as a pin-up girl for a female and less commonly male pin-up for a male) is a model whose mass-produced pictures see wide appeal as popular culture. Pin-ups are intended for informal display, i.e. meant to be "pinned-up" on a wall. Pin-up models may be glamour models, fashion models, or actors.

These pictures are also sometimes known as cheesecake photos.

The term pin-up may refer to drawings, paintings, and other illustrations as well as photographs (see the list of pin-up artists). The term was first attested to in English in 1941 ; however, the practice is documented back at least to the 1890s.


 * 1) Pin-up images could be cut out of magazines or newspapers, or on a postcard or lithograph. Such pictures often appear on a wall, desk, or calendars. Posters of pin-ups were mass-produced, and became popular from the mid 20th century.

Male pin-ups were less common than their female counterparts throughout the 20th century, although a market for homoerotica has always existed as well as pictures of popular male celebrities targeted at women or girls. Examples include James Dean and Jim Morrison.

History[edit]
Pin up modeling has "theatrical origins", starting from burlesque performers and actresses and sometimes used photographic advertisement as business cards to promote themselves. These adverts and business cards could often be found backstage in almost every theater's green room, pinned-up or stuck into "frames of the looking-glasses, in the joints of the gas-burners, and sometimes lying on-top of the sacred cast-case itself." Understanding the power of photographic advertisements to promote their shows, burlesque women self-constructed their identity to make themselves visible. Being recognized not only within the theater itself but also outside challenged the conventions of women's place and women's potential in the public sphere. "To understand both the complicated identity and the subversive nature of the 19th-century actress, one must also understand that the era's views on women's potential were inextricably tied to their sexuality, which in turn was tied to their level of visibility in the public sphere: regardless of race, class or background, it was generally assumed that the more public the woman, the more 'public,' or available, her sexuality", according to historian Maria Elena Buszek. Being sexually fantasized, famous actresses in early 20th-century film were both drawn and photographed and put on posters to be sold for personal entertainment. Among the celebrities who were considered sex symbols, one of the most popular early pin-up girls was Betty Grable, whose poster was ubiquitous in the lockers of G.I.s during World War II.

In Europe, prior to the First World War, the likes of Fernande Barrey (aka "Miss Fernande"), were arguably the world's first pinups as is known in the modern sense. Miss Barrey displayed ample cleavage and full frontal nudity. Her pictures were cherished by soldiers on both sides of the First World War conflict.

Other pin-ups were artwork depicting idealized versions of what some thought a particularly beautiful or attractive woman should look like. An early example of the latter type was the Gibson girl, a representation of the New Woman drawn by Charles Dana Gibson. "Because the New Woman was symbolic of her new ideas about her sex, it was inevitable that she would also come to symbolize new ideas about sexuality."Unlike the photographed actresses and dancers generations earlier, fantasy gave artists the freedom to draw women in many different ways. The 1932 Esquire "men's" magazine featured many drawings and "girlie" cartoons but was most famous for its Vargas girls. Prior to World War II, they were praised for their beauty and less focus was on their sexuality. However, during the war, the drawings transformed into women playing dress-up in military drag and drawn in seductive manners, like that of a child playing with a doll. The Vargas girls became so popular that from 1942–46, owing to a high volume of military demand, "9 million copies of the magazine-without adverts and free of charge was sent to American troops stationed overseas and in domestic bases." The Vargas Girls were adapted as nose art on many World War II bomber and fighter aircraft; Generally, they were considered inspiring, and not seen negatively, or as prostitutes, but mostly as inspiring female patriots that were helpful for good luck.

Among the other well-known artists specializing in the field were Earle K. Bergey, Enoch Bolles, Gil Elvgren, George Petty, Rolf Armstrong, Zoë Mozert, Duane Bryers andArt Frahm. Notable contemporary pin-up artists include Olivia De Berardinis, known for her pin-up art of Bettie Page and her pieces in Playboy.

Feminism and the pin-up[edit]
''According to Joanne Meyerowitz in "Women, Cheesecake, and Borderline Material" an article in Journal of Women's History, "As sexual images of women multiplied in the popular culture, women participated actively in constructing arguments to endorse as well as protest them." ''

''As early as 1869, women have been supporters and protesters of the pin-up. Female supporters of early pin-up content considered these to be a "positive post-Victorian rejection of bodily shame and a healthy respect for female beauty."''

Conversely, female protesters argued that these images were corrupting societal morality and saw these public sexual displays of women as lowering the standards of womanhood, destroying their dignity, reducing them to mere objects to pleasure men and therefore harmful to both women and young adolescents.The pin up era refers to a time where women were kept in subordinate roles under patriarchal control. the objectification lies when these women were put on display for the male gaze, or when the photos or illustrations were made by men. usually following the strict parameters of western beauty ideals.

It has further been argued by some critics that in the early 20th century, these drawings of women helped define certain body images—such as being clean, being healthy, and being wholesome—and were enjoyed by both men and women; but as time progressed these images changed from respectable to illicit.

Supporters of the feminist pin up believe that pin ups do not follow the social constructs of the pin up era. It honors the style, fashion, and makeup of this time period. Its is also without corrosion, and is based on the desires and self expression of the models. In modern times, feminist pinup is about community building and the collaboration among female artists.

Pin-up Makeup style [edit] revised
Pin up style makeup was trending in mass culture in the 1940's. Once colored television was broadcasting celebrities makeup, consumers could now see the colors of their favorite icons makeup choices. Advertisement and pop culture was a huge contribution to the trend of the pin-up makeup style.

The US was emerged in war-time economy which put distribution restrictions on consumer goods. . General rationing was supported ; women applied mild amounts of products. Despite the rations, "Women were encouraged to keep buying lipstick and to send letters to the front covered in ‘lipstick kisses’ to boost the moral of the soldiers.”

The products consisted of:


 * "Foundation – A cream base, liquid foundation that matched their natural skin tone,

"having a sun-kissed glow was popular among white women.


 * Compact Powders – used to set the foundation and even the overall complexion.


 * Eyes and brows – neutral contour on brow bone and lid. Eyebrows were shaped but kept full.


 * Eyeliner – the wing effect became popular by the1950s.


 * Lashes – extended the barriers of the eye to appear slightly larger.


 * Blush – pastel and rose colors applied to the apple of the cheek.


 * Lips – vibrant red and matte color, applied to look plumper.

In the 1950's, the overall look was the red lip was often matched with rosie cheeks. Eyeliner became bold and made a widening effect to make the eye appear larger.Natural eyebrows were embraced as opposed to the thin brows of the 20's and 30's.1940's brows were shaped and clean but filled in with a pencil to appear fuller.

Lipstick "turned into a symbol of resilient femininity in the face of danger" and was seen as a way to boost morale during the war. The shape of the lip was also iconic of the 1940s. The lips were painted on to look plumper, a broad outline of the lip was added for roundness. This fuller look is known as the “Hunter’s Bow”, invented by Max Factor.

As a makeup style, the classic pin-up underwent a revival in modern fashion. The red lip and winged eyeliner made a re-emergence in 2010, with singer, Katy Perry being the most accessible example of modern pin-up makeup

As a makeup style, is simple and sleek makeup, that is noticeable and glamorous.

Article evaluation
3/16


 * enrolled in course page
 * Assigned myself Pin-up page to edit
 * proof read article to see

4/9


 * Talk page training
 * post to sand box
 * tried to upload images and link a word in the text to another page

4/18


 * edited pinup page in sandbox
 * Esme contacted me on my talk page. I responded to her talk page

4/19


 * Pinup reviewed
 * peer review response with Susie

4/22


 * peer review in Esme's sandbox
 * Edited make up section, added info and citations
 * added a citation to feminism and pinup section.

4/23


 * Made a comment on pin-up model talk page


 * answered peer review response
 * added new sources and info to sandbox to edit and cite.

4/24


 * reviewing feminism section
 * Adding citations and photos

5/5


 * Linked other wiki pages to Pin-up page
 * Added more information on the feminist section
 * Linked other pages to Pin-up page.
 * collaborated with classmates on article.
 * Moved edits onto the wiki page

5/7


 * Posted onto pinup wiki page
 * revised classmates work
 * added photos to sections
 * linked other wiki pages to pin up