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Cell Surface Engineering
Cell surface engineering the process in which the diverse biochemical structure of the cell membrane is used to develop novel micro-structures

Deposition of Nanomaterials
The simplest and most direct method of modifying the cell surface is to simply add a material that interacts with the cell's surface. Hydrophobic and electrostatic forces are normally responsible for this type of interaction. There are various variations of this method that vary in complexity and specificity. The simplest is to simply add a material with a positive charge. Cells typically have a negative surface charge which will adsorb positive particles from the environment. Various particles that have shown this type of interaction include gold nanoparticles and polymers.