User:Jsavarino/Stimulus (physiology)

Introduction
This is the proposal for the expansion of information on the Wikipedia page Stimulus (physiology). The project is for NeuroJoe’s BI481 Introduction to Neuroscience course with the purpose of expanding Wikipedia articles and information for the Society for Neuroscience.

The three group members who will work on this project are: Jeff Savarino, Lauren Ritter, and James Kaberna

In physiology, a stimulus (pl. stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. A stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold.

The group will revise and expand on the introduction listed above, which is already present on the current Stimulus (physiology) Wikipedia page

Topics to Cover

 * General Definition of Stimulus (physiology)
 * History
 * Physiological Function - The group will discuss the function of stimuli as they relate to physiology
 * Transduction of Stimuli - via sensory cells
 * How are Stimuli Received - The group will discuss the various ways that stimuli are received, including both internal and external sensory receptors, and a discussion of Stimulus Coding


 * Types of Stimuli
 * Internal Stimuli - Changes in blood, stomach, and other parts of the body that elicit systematic changes
 * External Stimuli - Environmental changes, mechanical


 * Systematic Response to Stimuli
 * Nervous System Response - Action potentials and reflexes
 * Endocrine System Response - Hormone secretion
 * Circulatory System Response - Regulation of blood pressure and blood volume
 * Digestive System Response - Secretion of digestive enzymes and chemicals


 * Cell’s Response to Stimuli - Apoptosis, release of antioxidants
 * Stimuli and their Impact on Homeostasis
 * Diseases Involving Altered Response to Stimuli
 * References

Division of Work
The group will do their best to ensure that all members are participating and contributing equally. One method of ensuring this is by adopting the use of Google Documents. Google Documents will allow the group to share articles and notes, consolidate information, and prepare the final project while allowing all group members to give input. The group will decide on individual deadlines to ensure that quality work is completed in a timely manner.

All group members will spend time researching and taking notes on relevant articles. References will be compiled by all group members. Each group member will focus on a particular part of the project, but they will all collaborate and give feedback to each other during the drafting process.

James Kaberna will focus on General Definition, History, and Physiological Function.

Jeff Savarino will focus on Types of Stimuli and the Systematic Response to Stimuli.

Lauren Ritter will focus on the Cell’s Response to Stimuli, their Impact on Homeostasis, and Diseases Involving Altered Response to Stimuli

Reviews and Articles
Osmoregulation and control of vasopressin secretion in healthy humans

Endocrinology of Shock

Heat Regulation: homeostasis of central temperature in man

Cell responses to oxidative stressors

Apoptosis and free radicals

Effects of cold exposure on older humans

The Calcium Sensing Receptor: A Molecular Prospective

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems

A new view of pain as a homeostatic emotion

The concept of auditory stimulus representation in cognitive neuroscience

The Ionic Mechanisms of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Action

The Motor Unit: Anatomy and Physiology

The versatile synapse

Anticipatory physiological regulation in feeding biology

Cephalic reflexes: their role in digestion and possible roles in absorption and metabolism.

The concept of cellular "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress Catecholamines

From Neuron to Brain