User:Jshflynn/Linguistics

= Linguistics (Outline)=

Basic Concepts
What basic concepts / terms do I have to know to talk about linguistics?
 * Morphology
 * morpheme, inflection, paradigm, declension, derivation, compound
 * Phonology
 * phoneme, allophone, segment, mora, syllable, foot, stress, tone
 * Grammar
 * tense, aspect, mood and modality, grammatical number, grammatical gender, case
 * Syntax
 * phrase, clause, grammatical function, grammatical voice
 * Lexicology
 * word, lexeme, lemma, lexicon, vocabulary, terminology
 * Semantics
 * meaning, sense, entailment, truth condition, compositionality
 * Pragmatics
 * presupposition, implicature, deixis

Theoretical Linguistics
Sub-fields of structure-focused linguistics include:


 * Phonetics – study of the physical properties of speech (or signed) production and perception
 * Phonology – study of sounds (or signs) as discrete, abstract elements in the speaker's mind that distinguish meaning
 * Morphology – study of internal structures of words and how they can be modified
 * Syntax – study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences
 * Semantics – study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentences
 * Pragmatics – study of how utterances are used in communicative acts – and the role played by context and nonlinguistic knowledge in the transmission of meaning
 * Discourse analysis – analysis of language use in texts (spoken, written, or signed)


 * Cognitive linguistics
 * Generative linguistics
 * Functional theories of grammar
 * Quantitative linguistics

Applied Linguistics

 * Computational linguistics
 * Evolutionary linguistics
 * Forensic linguistics
 * Internet linguistics


 * Language acquisition
 * Language assessment
 * Language development
 * Language education


 * Linguistic anthropology
 * Neurolinguistics
 * Psycholinguistics
 * Second-language acquisition