User:Jssho/sandbox

Welcome to your sandbox!
This is place to practice clicking the "edit" button and practice adding references (via the citation button). Please see Help:My_sandbox or contact User_talk:JenOttawa with any questions.

Link: Project Homepage and Resources


 * Note: Please use your sandbox to submit assignment # 3 by pasting it below. When uploading your improvements to the article talk page please share your exact proposed edit (not the full assignment 3).


 * Talk Page Template: CARL Medical Editing Initiative/Fall 2019/Talk Page Template

Assignment # 2
'''Price, T., Cooper, M., (2014) Electrical and Lightning Injuries. In Marx, J. A., & Rosen, P. (8th). Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice. (pp. 1893 – 1902). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby.'''

1) How you searched for a source (search strategy – where you went to find it).

We were referred to this resource by an expert Dr. White who is an emergency physician who also works in Wilderness medicine. A search was conducted to verify this source using Books@Ovid with the search terms “electrical” AND “lightning injury” AND “emergency medicine”. The chapter of the textbook was identified as one of the top 25 results.

2) What potential sources were identified and considered (give examples of 1 or 2).

Other resources were identified using the database Ovid, as the first search was a textbook of Neurology that had a chapter on Electrical and Lightning Injury. (Rowland, L. P., Pedley, T. A., (2010) Merritt’s Neurology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.) This resource was also considered as there was a specific chapter named “Electrical and Lightning Injury”. However, upon further investigation, this chapter and textbook pertained specifically to the study of neurology and did not touch on other physical symptoms of a lightning injury which may be observed clinically.

3) Why the source was chosen (what made it better than other choices).

Given this is a practical guideline used by clinicians in practice, this guideline was chosen as a good choice for management of lightning injury as well as a good general overview of lightning injury as it pertains to medicine. The other results were focused on one aspect of clinical management (such as neurology), which I deemed less comprehensive than the treatment and management provided by the emergency medicine text.

4) List at least three reasons why the source that was selected meets Wikipedia’s reliable medical sources (MEDRS) criteria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources


 * It is a published source, and has been distributed as part of a textbook on Emergency medicine
 * There are new editions of the textbook periodically, so it is not an old or dated source
 * It is a secondary source that summarizes many primary and secondary sources to provide a good overview of the current understanding of the topic of lightning injury

Because of these reasons, the source was deemed a reliable source that fell within Wikipedia’s reliable medical sources criteria and to be used as a reference for the next part of the project.

5) How do you plan to use the source for improving the article?

We will use this source to improve the Wikipedia article with clear descriptions of the types of injury and the mechanisms of injury that occur with lighting injury. It clearly outlines how lightning injury impact different systems of the body which is information that is not even touched on in the current Wikipedia article. It provides a clear and concise overview of what occurs clinically during a lightning injury which will be added to the section currently named “Mechanisms of Lightning Injury”.

Assignment # 3
Proposed change #1: In the Mechanisms of Injury section, we plan on adding 1 sentence on the mechanisms of lightning injury. The proposed sentence is as follows, “Lightning can strike or injure humans in four different ways: direct strikes, side splash, contact injury, and ground current.” We plan on explaining the various mechanisms of injury and how they may affect someone as they will all have different effects on a person. Understanding how lightning strikes may hit an individual will help the reader better understand the rest of the article as it will outline the types of injuries, treatment and immediate as well as long-term effects of lightning injuries. Rationale for proposed change: We want to give readers a clear depiction of how lightning injury may occur as we will further elaborate on the types of injury that may be sustained. We have outlined the mechanisms as described by our reference which is an accepted medical textbook of emergency medicine. There is some controversy about the current opinion as blunt trauma is sometimes listed as a mechanism of injury. However, based on our cited reference and the reference cited here (Jensen, JD; Vincent, AL (January 2019). "Lightning Injuries". StatPearls. PMID 28722949.) and recently used to update the Introduction of the Lightning Injuries article, blunt trauma is a secondary mechanism of injury for lightning injuries.


 * I like it! I would suggest trying to find the latest edition of Rosens to cite - there is a 9th edition that came out in 2018 that will provide an even more up to date reference. (it looks like your current reference in from 2014 but states its the 9th edition. The 9th edition textbook pages don't line up with what you've listed so I think you've cited the 8th edition.) If you are having trouble finding it through the library you can email me directly and I'll help find you a copy - HW

Proposed change #2: Also in the Mechanisms of Injury section, we will remove the section discussing the resistance of the earth and the composition of the earth. The section is as follows; “round strike near the person causing a difference of potential in the ground itself (due to resistance to current in the Earth), amounting to several thousand volts per foot, depending upon the composition of the earth that makes up the ground at that location (sand being a fair insulator and wet, salty and spongy earth being more conductive).” In addition, we plan on removing the section describing the different types of lightning strikes as they do not currently have any citations. We will remove the following section, “''In a direct hit, the electrical charge strikes the person first. Splash hits occur when lightning jumps to a person (lower resistance path) from a nearby object that has more resistance, striking the person on its way to the ground. In ground strikes, the bolt lands near the person and is conducted by a connection to the ground (usually the feet), due to the voltage gradient in the earth. This can still cause substantial injury.''” Appropriate definitions of each type of strike will be added (1-2 sentences total) and cited according to our references. Rationale for proposed changes: The section on the composition of the earth is deemed to not be relevant to the topic at hand and has also not been cited to any reference. The purpose of this edit is to make the article more relevant to the current topic of “Lightning Injuries” and to update the various mechanisms of lightning injury according to a reliable source. We will update the descriptions of the different types of lightning strikes with the following descriptions that will be cited to an appropriate and reliable reference (see below);


 * Direct strike: lightning directly hits the person
 * Orifice entry: may occur if lightning strike occurs near the head entering eyes, ears and mouth to flow internally
 * Side splash: lightning jumps from the location of primary strike to a nearby person
 * Contact injury: injury that occurs when a person is touching an object on the pathway of lightning
 * Ground current: lightning strikes nearby and the current travels through the ground to the person

The information for the proposed changes are from the following source.

Updated reference: O’Keefe, K. P., Semmons, P., (2018) Electrical and Lightning Injuries. In Walls, R. M., Hockberger, R. S., Gausche-Hill, M., (9th). Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice. (pp. 1765-1772). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby.

Critique of Source: This source may be critiqued as it is one chapter in a larger textbook of Emergency Medicine. Therefore, it may not offer the most comprehensive information on ‘Lightning Injuries’. However, the current source is quite thorough and clearly outlines the clinical impacts of lightning injuries including the various mechanisms of injury that may be sustained as it pertains to emergency medicine. In addition, there is now a 10th edition of the textbook available. Unfortunately we did not have access to the most current edition, though upon careful investigation there have been no major changes to the chapter in which we are citing ( https://www.elsevier.ca/ca/product.jsp?isbn=9780323354790#newtothisedition ).


 * See above- the latest edition is the 9th edition (published in 2018). Feel free to email me and I can help you cite the 9th edition to ensure we have the most up to date reference. Otherwise I like the proposed edits.