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SOURCES FROM Sayin, H. ARTICLE '''Sayin, H. U. (2014). The Consumption of Psychoactive Plants in Ancient Global and Anatolian Cultures During Religious Rituals: The Roots of the Eruption of Mythological Figures and Common Symbols in Religions and Myths. NeuroQuantology, 12(2).'''

Stafford, 1978 - Stafford P. Psychedelics Encyclopedia. Berkeley, CA: Ronin Publishing Inc., 1978.

Merlin, 2003 - '''Merlin MD. Archaeological evidence for the tradition of psychoactive plant use in the old world. Economic Botany, 2003; 57(3): 295–323'''

Nichols, 2004 - Nichols DE. Hallucinogens. Pharmacol & Therapeutics 2004; 101:131–181

Ruck, 2009 - Ruck CAP, Hoffman MA, González Celdrán JAG. Mushrooms, Myth and Mithras: The Drug Cult that Civilized Europe. California: City Light Books, 2009. Diaz, 2010 - Diaz JL. Sacred plants and visionary consciousness. Phenom Cogn Sci 2010; 9:159–170 MORE CITATIONS '''Ruck, C. (2011). Mushrooms, Myth and Mithras: The Drug Cult that Civilized Europe. City Lights Publishers.'''

Clarke, R., & Merlin, M. (2013). Cannabis : evolution and ethnobotany. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

'''Warf, B. (2014), High Points: An Historical Geography of Cannabis. Geogr Rev, 104: 414-438. doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2014.12038.x'''

The religious and medicinal uses of cannabis in China, India and Tibet (Touw, M. (1981). The religious and medicinal uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 13(1), 23-34.)

-taoist priest commented that weed (in combination with ginseng) used by necromancers to "set forward time in order to reveal future events," weed generally used in indigenous central asian shamanistic practices

---? A Taoist priest in the fifth century A.D., who comme nted on the Pen Ts'ao Ching, wrote in a work of his ow n, the Ming-I Pieb Lu , th at canna bis is used by " necro ma ncers, in combination wit h ginseng to set fo rward time in order to reveal future events" (Li & Lin 1974).

-not meant to be widely shared or discussed with the populace, relatively absent from historical texts but evidence exists that the Chinese knew about it's effects

-Scythians used weed in funeral rites to attain trance, metal tripod censers placed above fire and filled with hemp in an enclosed tent

-Assyrians used cannabis as incense as early as the 9th century BC

BENET 1975 OLD TESTAMENT CANNABIS REFERENCE (Benet, S. (1975). Early Diffusion and Folk Uses of Hemp. Cannabis and culture, 39.)

--both as incense and intoxicant

-Moldenke and Moldenke, 1952

no unambiguous or direct references to cannabis in the bible, along with opium

DAMN SON THERE'S SO MUCH HERE ON INDIA - COME BACK TO IT LATER FOR QUICKFAX

aight here we go

CONSUMPTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE PLANTS - MYTHOLOGICAL FIGURES AND COMMON RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS

-cannabis listed as a psychoactive plants that's been used by shamanic and pagan cultures to "ponder deeply religious and philosophical subjects related to their tribe/society," "to reach a form of so-called enlightenment," "to unravel some unknown facts and realms of the human mind and subconscious," and as an "aphrodisiac effect during rituals or orgies."

-Over the last few decades, hundreds of archaeological and anthropological items of evidence came out of Mexican, Maya and Aztec cultures that magic mushrooms (psilocybin), peyote (mescaline), cannabis, and other psychoactive plants were used in shamanic and religious rituals

-there exist reports that cannabis, opium, and other psychoactive plants were consumed in a Sufi sect called Melamis and also in the cult of Hassan Sabbah, Hashissins

MUSHROOMS, MYTH, AND MYTHRAS: THE DRUG CULT PAPER

fuck this paper

Archaeological evidence for the tradition of psychoactive plant use in the old world

-cannabis may be associated with ancient rituals surrounding death in around 5th century B.C, as archaeological excavations in 1947 of a series of burial mounds at Pazyryk in the Altai Mountains of Siberia revealed 1.2 meter-high wooden frame tents in each of the mounds, with the frame surrounding a bronze vessel filled with stones and hemp seeds. These vessels were presumably left smoking in the grave, and "A leather pouch with hemp seeds provided supplies, and scattered hemp, coriander, and melilot seeds were also recovered."

High Points: An Historical Geography of Cannabis.