User:Jtamad/subpage on air travel and infectious disease spread

Global supply
The outbreak of yellow fever in Angola in January of 2016 raised concerns about whether the global supply of vaccine is adequate to meet the need during a large epidemic or pandemic of the disease. Routine childhood immunization has been suspended in other African countries to ensure an adequate supply in the vaccination campaign against the outbreak in Angola. The emergency stockpiles of vaccine, which consisted of about 10 million doses at the end of March 2016, are being diverted to the vaccination campaign in Angola.

Increases in cases of yellow fever in endemic areas of Africa and South America in the 1980s were addressed by the WHO Yellow Fever Initiative launched in the mid-2000s. The initiative was supported by the Gavi Alliance, a collaboration of the WHO, UNICEF, vaccine manufacturers, and private philanthropist such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Gavi-supported vaccination campaigns since 2011 have covered 88 million people in 14 countries considered at "high-risk" of a yellow fever outbreak (Angola was considered "medium risk"). Activities of the Yellow Fever Initiative are managed through an international coordinating group established in 2000 when a global shortage of yellow fever vaccine had developed because of the long lead time to manufacture the vaccine.

Demand for yellow vaccine for preventive campaigns has increased from about 5 million doses per year to a projected 62 million per year by 2014. UNICEF reported in 2013 that supplies were insufficient. Manufacturers are producing about 35 million of the 64 million doses needed per year.

==== A concern that it could spread to other tropical and subtropical regions where the mosquito vector is indigenous, such as China and Brazil, which have regular air travel with Angola and other parts of tropical Africa.

Vaccine supply

- promed 43

JW:Perhaps jet injectors are needed to speed up mass vaccination, but Brazil has been the only producer of 50-dose vials, and it had not planned to produce any of that size this year (2016). I have been interviewed by Reuters on a plan to stretch YF vaccine stocks by using a still-effective one-tenth dose http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-yellowfever-vaccine-idUSKCN0XH1L6. The Lancet article it refers to was co-written by ProMED's Tom Yuill http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30195-7/abstract. - Mod.JW]

PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever vaccine shortage (http://www.promedmail.org/post/3775245) - UNICEF says that the world is only producing about 35 million of the 64 million doses needed.