User:Ju menendez/Green Revolution in India/Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography
1- Shiva, Vandana. (1991). The Violence of the green revolution : ecological degredation and political conflict. Zed. ISBN 0862329647. OCLC 24740968.

This source "presents the other side of the Green Revolution story," (12) as Shiva examines the Green Revolution as the root of India's rising ethnic and political violence. To demonstrate this claim, Shiva focuses on Punjab: Despite being “India's most prosperous state, a model to which other regions and other countries aspire," (13) Punjab "is also the region most seething with discontent, with a sense of having been exploited and treated with discrimination.” (13) She attributes Punjab's violence to the Green Revolution, and places it into a larger context to argue that ultimately, "the Green Revolution produced scarcity, not abundance.” (15) This source is valuable for my research because Vandana Shiva is a well known contemporary scholar on the topic of development in India, and her ideas offer popular and strongly-developed criticisms of the Green Revolution. **I will by specifying on the book's fifth chapter, 'The Political and Cultural Costs of the Green Revolution' (pp 171-194).

Quotes:


 * “The social and political planning that went into the Green Revolution aimed at engineering not just seeds but social relations as well” (Shiva, 16)
 * “The reduction in availability of fertile land and genetic diversity of crops as a result of the Green Revolution practices indicates that at the ecological level, the Green Revolution produced scarcity, not abundance.” (Shiva, 15)

2- Sangha, Kamaljit (2014-01-01). Modern agricultural practices and analysis of socio-economic and ecological impacts of development in agriculture sector, Punjab, India - a review. Agricultural Research Communication Centre. OCLC 933599557.

This source evaluates the impact of the Green Revolution in Punjab on the breakdown of its socio-cultural fabric. It considers contemporary issues faced by Punjab's rural people as a consequence of the Green Revolution, including extreme indebtedness, farmer's suicides, health problems, excessive alcohol and drug use, and loss of cultural identity. It demonstrates how "Punjab, which used to be one of the progressive states in India, is suffering from the loss of natural, social and health capital." (331) This source is valuable in stressing the importance of considering Punjab as a case study when examining the impacts of the Green Revolution, and provides valuable evidence on the social impacts of the Green Revolution in Punjab.

Quotes:


 * "There is no doubt that Green Revolution steered the state to advance agricultural production and related economic gains, however this occurred at the cost of pollution and depletion of soil and water resources, decline in wild and crop plant diversity, loss of general well-being and decline in public health and loss of cultural values" (333)

3- Sandhu, Jashandeep Singh (2014). "Green Revolution: A Case Study of Punjab". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 75: 1192–1199 &#x2013; via JSTOR.

4- Eliazer Nelson, Ann Raeboline Lincy; Ravichandran, Kavitha; Antony, Usha (2019-10-01). "The impact of the Green Revolution on indigenous crops of India". Journal of Ethnic Foods. 6 (1). doi:10.1186/s42779-019-0011-9. ISSN 2352-6181.

Recent scholarship that focuses on the impacts of the Green Revolution on the production of indigenous crops, and its effects on society, environment, nutrition intake, and per capita availability of foods. Valuable in providing general information on the Green Revolution and the variety of its impacts.

5- Davis, Mike, 1946- author. Late Victorian holocausts : El Niño famines and the making of the Third World. ISBN 978-1-78168-360-6. OCLC 1051845720.

Chapter: "India: The Modernization of Poverty."

Contextualizes India's conditions of exploitation under the British Rule--before the Green Revolution. Though India experienced modernization during British colonial rule, it did not benefit from any of its economic profits. Rather, during the British Raj, India's grain economy hinged on a unilateral relation of exploitation, in which India came to supply nearly one fifth of Britain's wheat consumption, despite the country's widespread famines. This source leads me to think of the Green Revolution as a continuation of this exploitative relationship. Though instead of being under the hands of the British raj, the exploitation is now directed by the liberal market, as demonstrated by the negative impacts of the Green Revolution.

Additional Sources Used:
Jain, H. K. (2012). Green revolution : history, impact and future. Studium Press LLC. ISBN 978-1-4416-7448-7. OCLC 967650924.

Dutta, Swarup (2012-06). "Green Revolution Revisited: The Contemporary Agrarian Situation in Punjab, India". Social Change. 42 (2): 229–247. doi:10.1177/004908571204200205. ISSN 0049-0857.

Bharti, Vishav (Feb 12, 2019). "Farm suicides unabated in Punjab, over 900 in 2 years". The Tribune.