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Terrae Novae
Terrae Novae is the human and robotic exploration program of the European Space Agency (ESA) leading Europe’s human journey into the Solar system by using robots as precursors and scouts. Terrae Novae symbolizes the constant quest for technological and process innovations resulting in new and improved ways to deliver the exploration program. Terrae Novae refers to the new worlds from ESA’s exploration destinations: Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Moon and Mars.

The goals of Terrae Novae are to create new opportunities in low Earth Orbit for a sustained European presence after the International Space Station (ISS), to enable the first European to explore the Moon’s surface by 2030 as a step towards sustainable lunar exploration in the 2030’s, and to prepare the horizon goal of Europe being part of the first human mission to Mars. The program reflects the aspiration of ESA’s 22 participating member states to reach out to new partners from beyond the space sector and enlarge the space ecosystem to the commercial sphere, along with ESA’s international partners.

Terrae Novae destinations
The Terrae Novae program has four main destinations: Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Beyond LEO, the Moon and Mars.

Low Earth Orbit
In LEO the operation of the International Space Station is to support the institutional and commercial utilization. Within the Terrae Novae program, ESA plans continuous and efficient operations of ESA's ISS infrastructure. They will also support national activities and implementation of national contributions to ESA participating states.

Beyond LEO
In the space beyond LEO, ESA will participate in human exploration by means of a Lunar Gateway. This is joint activity together with NASA. The I-Hab and ESPIRT module will be the European architectures that support the Gateway.

Moon
At the Moon, the Terrae Novae program includes robotic surface missions to better understand the relations between Earth and the Moon. ESA will also developed payload Missions of Opportunity (MoO) to increase potential commercial partnerships.

Mars
For Mars, the goals of Terrae Novae are mainly focused on exploration the red planet to a further extend. Robotic surface missions will be the main goal, with the Rosalind Franklin rover as one of the promising missions to search for former life on Mars.

SciSpacE
ESA's SciSpace program is about the science in the space environment. The program seeks to build on the diverse strengths of Europe, to lead research on and around the earth, the moon and mars. Another goal is to use the research to extend humanity's reach into space to provide benefits to Earth and improve understanding of the Earth. The disciplines of the SciSpacE are physical sciences, life sciences and Moon and Mars sciences.

ExPeRT
ExPeRT is ESA's Exploration preparation research and technology. This programme integrates, coordinates and manages the development of studies and technologies for future exploration missions to LEO, Moon and Mars destinations. This includes studies of future projects and capabilities which could be developed into missions in subsequent programme periods, along with the maturation of the required technologies for these missions. The activities are fundamental long-term strategic elements of the exploration of the program.

Overview Terrae Novae programs and missions

 * Columbus
 * European Service Module (ESM)
 * Argonaut
 * ESPRIT
 * I-Hab
 * Trace Gas Orbiter
 * Earth Return Orbiter
 * Rosalind Franklin
 * Sample Transfer Arm
 * Entry Descend Landing Module