User:Jumabenard/Draft Water contest article

world Bank Wikipedia Water Contest
Dear sir/ Madam, Kindly I wish to submit my article for the mentined subject, but am afraid because the picturesb found in the article cannot be accepted in Wikipedia. Please help me submit my entire write up including pictures. The pictures were photographed by me, and this is sincerely my own work. Thank you so dearly, With regards, Juma Benard.

THE WORLD BANK’S SECOND WATER SECTOR WRITING CONTESTON IN WIKIPEDIA CONTEST SUBMITTED BY                                          JUMA BENARD

ABSTRACT This paper work provides a toolkit of sensitizing people living in various urban centers near water bodies to appreciate the simple fact that water is a very essential  commodity that must be preserved.

Standard measures must be taken by the relevant authority to ensure water quality is maintained, this can be done by assessing various aspects water. The governments of various countries should adopt the means of protecting their water resources. We consider Nairobi as a study area to show how water is being mis-managed in the world today.

1.0 INTRODUCTION. COMPOSITION OF THE NAIROBI RIVER BASIN Nairobi river basin is composed of three main rivers namely Mathare River, Nairobi River and Ngong River, and their tributaries. Rivers mainly flow through agricultural areas, industrial areas and informal settlements, and eventually join prior to draining into the Athi River.

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MAP OF NAIROBI RIVER BASIN

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1.1.	POLLUTANTS WHICH CONTAMINATE THE RIVERS IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS The following are contaminants that pollute water in Nairobi river basin:

•	Nutrients in form of organic and inorganic fertilizers •	Pesticides •	Solid waste from domestic and other sources. •	Bacteria from human and animal waste.

Polluted river flowing through sugarcane farm

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Dependence of community on river systems (PICTURE)

1.2.	POLLUTANTS WHICH CONTAMINATE THE RIVERS IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS The following also have adverse influence on the water quality •	Heavy metals including lead, cadmium and zinc. •	Solid waste from industrial and other sources. •	Organic waste from industrial sources. •	Bacteria from industrial effluents, human and animal waste.

1.3.	ENHANCED GROWTH OF WATER HYACINTH, REEDS AND BULRUSH DUE TO NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN NAIROBI DAM

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1.4.	POLLUTANTS WHICH CONTAMINATE THE RIVERS IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS The following category also seriously affect the water quality: •	Solid waste from domestic and other sources. •	Organic waste from domestic sources. •	Bacteria from human and animal waste. •	Nutrients in the form of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

1.5.	DUMPING OF SOLID WASTES ALONG THE RIVER BASIN

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The above photograph depicts how both industries and human beings living in slum areas pollute the water ways.

2.0. OBLIGATION OF HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS Since river Nairobi passes near the University of Nairobi, an institution of high learning, it has the following obligation:

•	Identification, quantitative determination and monitoring of the chemical and biological pollutants – by the Departments of Chemistry and School of Biological Sciences. •	Monitoring of weather patterns; rainfall, run-off and wind which act as pollutant transport and hence affect water pollution – by the Department Meteorology. •	Rock structures, types and composition. These affect ground water and surface water quality – by the Department of Geology. Design and Maintenance of Instrumentation and equipment – by the Department of Physics •	Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ongoing mitigation measures. •	Suggestion of additional mitigation measures that include: •	Improvisation of river course conditions that enhance self-purification. •	Bioremediation. •	Putting in place soil and water conservation structures in agricultural areas. •	Sensitization of the neighbouring communities. •	Aggressive lobbying for the enforcement of the existing environmental regulations.

2.1. APPROACHES THAT ENHANCE RIVER SELF- PURIFICATION This is a process in which water cleans up due to long distance travel.

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DISEASE CAUSING MACRO-INVERTEBRATES IN POLLUTED WATER

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3.0. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUTION We have seen that water is a valuable commodity that needs protection. It is the duty of every person to protect water at both domestic and industrial level. Thank you.