User:JuniperisCommunis/List Of Monopolies

THIS IS A WORK IN PROGRESS!

Also see:
 * Category:Monopolies
 * Coercive monopoly
 * Trust (19th century)

These have been listed in the article Monopoly:
 * The salt commission, a legal monopoly in China formed in 758.
 * British East India Company; created as a legal trading monopoly in 1600.
 * Standard Oil; broken up in 1911, two of its surviving "baby companies" are ExxonMobil and the Chevron Corporation.
 * Major League Baseball; survived U.S. anti-trust litigation in 1922, though its special status is still in dispute as of 2009.
 * Microsoft; settled anti-trust litigation in the U.S. in 2001; fined by the European Commission in 2004 for 497 million Euros, which was upheld for the most part by the Court of First Instance of the European Communities in 2007. The fine was 1.35 Billion USD in 2008 for noncompliance with the 2004 rule.
 * Joint Commission; has a monopoly over whether or not US hospitals are able to participate in the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

These have been proposed (by others) for inclusion:
 * National Football League; survived anti-trust lawsuit in the 1960s, convicted of being an illegal monopoly in the 1980s.
 * Dutch East India Company; created as a legal trading monopoly in 1602.
 * U.S. Steel; anti-trust prosecution failed in 1911.
 * United Aircraft and Transport Corporation; aircraft manufacturer holding company forced to divest itself of airlines in 1934.
 * American Telephone & Telegraph; telecommunications giant broken up in 1982.
 * De Beers; settled charges of price fixing in the diamond trade in the 2000s.
 * Telecom New Zealand; local loop unbundling enforced by central government.
 * Deutsche Telekom; former state monopoly, still partially state owned, currently monopolizes high-speed VDSL broadband network.
 * Monsanto has been sued by competitors for anti-trust and monopolistic practices. They hold between 70% and 100% of the commercial seed market.
 * AAFES has a monopoly on retail sales at overseas military installations.
 * GameStop has a near exclusive control over the sale of used games, and frequently buys out competing companies.
 * SAQ has a monopoly as it is the only chain of stores where alcohol can be sold in Quebec