User:Juspeck006/Frankfurt

= Frankfurt =

Immigration
Frankfurt has a large migrant population and has been a leading immigration destination in Europe for a number of years. Its position as a global city makes it a desirable place to immigrate to. The city's migrant population comes from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Over 170 nations are represented in Frankfurt. The largest ethnic group are of Turkish descent. Of the total residents in Frankfurt, 21.1% do not have German citizenship. Of these people, 19.4% are Turkish without German citizenship. Other large immigrant populations originate from Croatia, Italy, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Spain, Greece, Morocco, Bosnia, India, France, Portugal, China, and Afghanistan. In 2013, non-German citizens accounted for about 26 percent of the total population.

The Frankfurt municipality developed terminology to distinguish an individuals ethnic background. It was created in order to accurately capture and describe recent migration trends. An individual with foreign heritage is most widely described as having a "migration background." Another statistical method is to distinguish between residents who have German citizenship and those without German citizenship.

History
The large influx of immigrants to Frankfurt began in the years preceding World War II. After the war, the Federal Republic of Germany's economy experienced rapid economic growth. This period is known as the Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle). Industrial production in West Germany tripled and unemployment dropped from 9 to 1 percent during the Wirtschaftswunder. Due to the increase in production, the economy suffered a labor shortage. To fill the growing demand for labor, the German government signed recruitment agreements with numerous countries. The first was the German-Italian Recruitment Agreement which was signed on December 20th, 1955. Over the next decade, Germany signed similar worker agreements with Greece and Spain, Turkey, Morocco, Portugal, Tunisia, and Yugoslavia. These agreements allowed foreign workers to work in Germany's industrial sector as gastarbeiters (guest workers). It is estimated that 2.1 million people came to Germany as guest workers by 1977, making up 12 percent of the Federal Republic of Germany workforce. Frankfurt brought in many migrant workers under the program. By 1970, 90,000 guest workers resided in Frankfurt which made up 13 percent of Frankfurt's total population.

The intention was that the guest workers would stay temporarily and return to their country of origin when the economy slowed. In 1973, West Germany officially ended the recruitment of guest workers. However, immigration to Frankfurt continued. Many migrants chose to stay in Frankfurt and were able to bring their families to join them by right of family reunification. These initial migrant groups formed local communities in Frankfurt. This encouraged further immigration of migrants by establishing cultural commonality.

Integration Programs
Frankfurt was the first German city to actively develop integration programs. In 1989, the Frankfurt municipal administration founded the Office of Multicultural Affairs (Amt für multikulturelle Angelegenheiten, AMKA). AMKA was established in order to support successful integration of Frankfurt residents. It is responsible for developing and managing language education programs, enforcing anti-discrimination policies, holding community events, and other initiatives. Since its establishment, AMKA has launched a number of notable initiatives within Frankfurt. In 2003, AMKA issued the Anti-Discrimination Guidelines (Antidiskriminierungsrichtlinie, ADR. The ADR was created to protect workers against discrimination. Diversity Drives Frankfurt (Vielfalt Bewegt Frankfurt), a campaign created in 2010, serves as an integration educational resource for Frankfurt residents.