User:KAVEBEAR/Kaikioewa

Kaikioewa (1765-1839), was a Hawaiian high chief or nobleman of Big Island descent, and an early supporter and advisor of Kamehameha I and his successors, serving as the 3rd royal governor of Kauai for the duration of fourteen years between 1825 and 1839. He was also the guardian of Prince Kauikeaouli, who would later become Kamehameha III.

Early life
Kaikioewa was born around 1765 at Waimea, Kauai, to the High Chief Kaiana Kuikue Ukupe (or Kaianaukupe Kaolohaka-a-keawe), the son or grandson of High Chief Kaolohaka-a-Keawe, one sons of the many of King Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku of Hawaii Island by his fifth wife High Chiefess Malaeakini. His grandfather was probably relatively young and thus left out in inheritance when war broke out between Kalaninuiamamao and Kalanikeeaumoku, after Keaweikekahialiiokamoku's death. Kaikioewa mother was High Chiefess Kekikipaa Kalani-kauleleiwai (or Kekikoola Lalanikauleleaiwi). Through both his mother and father he was cousin of King Kamehameha the Great. He had one brother, Kaokanu, who was likely the biological father of Kuini Liliha. It not for sure how he ended up being born on Kauai instead of Hawaii, but Hawaiian aliis were not restricted to their parents' home island; ex. King Kaumualii's father, Kaeokulani was a Prince of Maui who came to rule Niihau and Kauai.

He was a supporter of Kamehameha I during the period of civil wars that ensued on the island after King Kalaniopuu's death. He probably fought along with Kamehameha during his conquest of the other islands. After establishment of the Kingdom of Hawaii, Kaikioewa may have became one of Kamehameha's advisors in his council of chiefs. After Kamehameha I's death in 1819, Queen Kaahumanu came into power ruling alongside Kamehameha III as Kuhina Nui. She appointed all her siblings and Mauian relatives to the highest position in the kingdom; the king and his queens, all the royal governors, and the Prime Minister were only two generations seperate from one common ancestor King Kekaulike of Maui. Kaikioewa was unique at the time being one of the few chiefs at time with no close blood relation to the Kings of Maui, but by marriage he was, and he was related to these chiefs through the Kings of Hawaii Island.

In 1813, he was appointed the guardian of Prince Kauikeaouli. Queen Keopuolani had travel from Kohala in a canoe to a house on Keauhou Bay in the Kona. According to tradition Kauikeaouli had been declared stillborn (hence his name "placed in the dark clouds"). High Chief Kuakini who had been given the honor of being the boy's hānai father refused the stillborn child and left. Kaikioewa was on site and his kaula (Hawaiian prophet) Kapihe was summoned to the child. Kapihe cleanse the child, laid him on a rock, fanned, sprinkled water and recited a chant until he breathed, moved and cried. The chant of Kapihe was to Kaōnohiokalā, "Child of God". The stone is preserved as a monument today by the Daughters of Hawaii. Kaikioewa must have been really respected by King Kamehameha and Keopuolani to be allowed to be guardian to their son. Kauikeaouli and his brother and sister were the most sacred royals in the land, even their father Kamehameha had to bow to them. Being guardian must have been a really tedious job since Kaikioewa wouldn't have been able to discipline or punished his royal charge due to Kauikeaouli's higher status. Kauikeaouli would succeed his brother as Kamehameha III in 1824. He had to surrender the guardianship over to Kahalaia Luanuu after he replace him as Governor of Kauai. Kamehameha III went through a succession of guardians as king but Kaikioewa remained a closed mentor to the king till his death in 1839.

Governor of Kauai
On August 8, 1824 Humehume, son of former King Kaumualii of Kauai, led his followers in a surprise attack on Fort Elizabeth, manned by troops of the Kingdom of Hawaii, in a effort to restore Kauaian independence. After entering the fort, his victory shouts did not bring throngs of supporters, but rather roused the defenders. The attack was repelled. Missionary leader Hiram Bingham I and his family were visiting at the time, but escaped injury. Humehume and his troops returned to Wahiawa and tried to gather more followers. Kalanimoku, had just been stationed on Kauai, and sent for reinforcements to search for Humehume. On August 18, 1824 Kaikioewa, Kahekili and Hoapili arrived with an estimate of a thousand troops and joined Kalanimoku, marching to meet the rebels at their camp, who were routed. It was say 130 Kauaians were slain while only 1 Hawaiian fell. This would be the largest loss of life in a military armed conflict in the Hawaiian islands until the attack on Pearl Harbor over a century later.

Queen Kaahumanu, arrived on Kauai on August 27, after the rebellion was quelled. Her first action was to strip all the chiefs of Kauaian descent from power in the entire island, replacing them with chiefs loyal to her and Kamehameha II from other islands; most of them were her relatives. She personally chosed Kaikioewa as the successor of Kahalaia Luanuu.

In 1837, he moved the seat of the island from Waimea to Līhue, prior to then, a minor village in the Puna district. This was due to the emergence of the sugar industry in the 1800s. Līhue became the central city of the island with the construction of a large sugar mill; and it has remain the seat of the island since.

His former residence at Kapuniai, Waimea still stands. It was built for him in 1830, and in 1871 Queen Emma hosted a lūau there. It is located above the old Waimea dispensary and is now the home of the pastor of the Waimea United Church of Christ.


 * "The lū‘au took place on January 29, 1871 at the Kapuniai residence of Kaikio‘ewa, the former Governor of Kaua‘i.[viii] This house was built in 1830 above the old Waimea dispensary, and today serves as the home of the pastor of the Waimea United Church of Christ."
 * "From pg. 7: Upon the return of the party to Waimea, a large feast was prepared in honor of the event. All Waimea was present, at the Kapuniai residence on the night of January 29, where a large lanai had been built on the grounds for the occasion. The house was that built about 1830 by Governor Kaikioewa, which stood on the bluffs on the west side of Waimea valley, where the parsonage for the Foreign Church now stands. At this feast, commemorative meles and chants, composed in honor of the trip up the mountain were recited by Kuapuu, Kaukau, Lilikalani, and Kauai. "

Appointed as governor of Kauai in 1825 after Kauai rebellion was thwarted, and remained governor until he died, at which time his wife, Keaweamahi took his place.

Went into debt during the sandalwood era due to excesses in spending on novelties.

After to converting to Protestantism, he encouraged the expulsion of Roman Catholic priests in 1830 and remained fiercely anti-Catholic for the rest of his life.

Along with Queen Deborah Kapule was responsible for the founding of Waioli Huiia Church.

In 1835 Ladd & Co. leased 980 acre for a sugar plantation in Kōloa on Kauai from Kaikioewa. The project had the support of conservative missionaries such as Hiram Bingham I.


 * Attitude of Rule

The Lïhu'e Place Name on Kaua'i
http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10524/33794

A History of the Sandwich Islands
He is also said to be a descendant of foreign sailors who according to oral tradition ship-wrecked on the island in the reign of King Kealiiokaloa in the mid-16th century. The ship had wrecked at Pale in the district of district of Keei on the south side of Kealakekua Bay. The vessel was called Konaliloha and the commander Kukanaloa survived along with his sister. These two individuals were speculated to be Spaniards which would place their arrival in the island 200 years before Captain James Cook.

Sandwich island notes By George Washington Bates
http://books.google.com/books?id=PcYRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA223&dq=Kaikioewa&hl=en&ei=r9BFTYQKjdKwA_DUsZMK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Kaikioewa&f=false

The centennial book: one hundred years of Christian civilization in Hawaii ... By Hawaiian mission centennial
http://books.google.com/books?id=_edMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=Kaikioewa&hl=en&ei=GtFFTcnIMI_ksQPjwayPCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Kaikioewa&f=false

The Missionary herald, Volume 36 By American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
http://books.google.com/books?id=oYkUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA242&dq=Kaikioewa&hl=en&ei=GtFFTcnIMI_ksQPjwayPCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=Kaikioewa&f=false

History of the American board of commissioners for foreign missions By Joseph Tracy
http://books.google.com/books?id=yIAXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA403&dq=Kaikioewa&hl=en&ei=6NFFTYOMLZG0sAP9wqXECg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAzgU#v=onepage&q=Kaikioewa&f=false

Marriage and Children
Kaikioewa married three times, but it isn't know for sure which marriage came first. One of his wife was the High Chiefess Piipii Kalanikaulihiwakama, the daughter of the High Chief Kamanawa, one of the royal twins (with Kameeiamoku) who advised Kamehameha I, and the High Chiefess Kekuiapoiwa II, the mother of Kamehameha I and former wife of the High Chief Keoua of Kohala. This marriage made him the half-brother-in-law of Kamehameha I and Keliimaikai. Piipii had previously married to the High Chief Keholoikalani and mothered a son. She died in October 1818 at Kamakahonu, Kailua-Kona. They had one daughter:


 * High Chiefess Kuwahine, married Prime Minister Kalanimoku. It disputed if she was his daughter from his first marriage or his second marriage. Some source inaccurately numbered her as the second wife of Kalanimoku. It appears that this union left no issue.

His other wife was the High Chiefess Wauhaukapu (sometimes called Nahaukapu) who he had one (two) daughter with: Adopted Moses Kekuaiwa intended as his successor to the governorship of Kauai. He was to be his hānai father's heir as Governor of Kauai, although this never happen.
 * High Chiefess Likelike, married Prime Minister Kalanimoku. It's not known for sure if this marriage was polygamous because Kalanimoku's only son Leleiohoku I was born in 31 March 1821, twenty seven days after Likelike's death, and Leleiohoku was suppose to be the son of another one of Kalanimoku's wife, the High Chiefess Kiliwehi.  But this is highly unlikely because of two reasons.  First Kalanimoku had converted to Roman Catholicism in 1819 which doesn't allow polygamy.  Second divorce existed in Ancient Hawaii before and some Chiefess had more than one life partner.  Some source inaccurately numbered her as Kalanimoku last wife. It appears that this union left no issue. She died in March 4, 1821 at Honolulu.