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Molly Carnes, MD, MS
Molly Carnes is a professor in the Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics), Psychiatry, and Industrial & Systems Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison) where she is the founding director of the Center for Women’s Health Research in the School of Medicine and Public Health and co-director of the Women in Science and Engineering Leadership Institute (WISELI) in the College of Engineering. From 1995 to 2019, Dr. Carnes was also the Director of Women Veterans Health at the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin.

Education
Carnes completed her undergraduate work at the University of Michigan and received her M.D. from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1978. She trained in Internal Medicine and Geriatrics at UW-Madison where she earned an M.S. in Epidemiology.

Research
After embarking on a career as a physician-scientist studying patterns of ACTH secretion, Carnes changed the direction of her research when she received tenure at UW-Madison in the Department of Medicine in 1990 and found herself the only tenured woman in the university’s largest department. Intrigued by this observation, she decided to study it. Carnes initially viewed the paucity of female faculty from an epidemiological perspective wondering what was killing healthy female medical students so they did not survive to become faculty. Her work increasingly took a systems perspective realizing that the cultural change required to achieve gender and racial/ethnic equity in academic medicine, science, and engineering required multi-level interventions. Carnes’ research can be framed as action research, organizational change, or implementation science, depending on the field. One of her early papers conceptualized the type of cultural change needed around issues of diversity in academic medicine as being analogous to smoking cessation (Carnes et al., 2005). She continued to find this analogy useful in her response to the American College of Physicians’ policy statement on gender equity (Carnes, 2018). Most of her work has focused on how stereotypes perpetuate inequities often without awareness or conscious intent. She has developed, tested, and implemented strategies to increase the gender and racial/ethnic diversity of the academic medicine, science, and engineering workforce – particularly at leadership levels.

Major Contributions
Engaging collaborators from psychology, sociology, education, computer science, business, and industrial & systems engineering, Carnes was among the first to lead controlled studies of interventions aimed at changing the attitudes and behaviors of faculty in real world academic settings. As principal investigator of the UW-Madison’s ADVANCE Institutional Transformation Award from the National Science Foundation, Carnes and her collaborators established the Women in Science and Engineering Leadership Institute (WISELI) in 2002. WISELI continues to conduct action research using UW-Madison as a “living laboratory.” Around the central message that simply knowing cultural stereotypes creates bias habits in judgment and decision-making (i.e., implicit bias), she has incorporated intentional behavioral change strategies into interventions to help faculty “break the bias habit.”  These interventions have included breaking the bias habit workshops (Carnes et al., 2012; Carnes et al., 2015) and a video game (Fairplaygame.org) (Gutierrez, et al., 2014; Kaatz et al., 2017). Researching the multiple points in an academic career where stereotypes might have an asymmetric impact, Carnes has led or collaborated on research examining the influence of gender on enacting leadership for internal medicine residents (e.g., Bartels et al., 2008; Kohlemainen et al., 2014), the subjective nature of the grant review process (e.g., Magua et al. 2017, Pier et al, 2018; Pier et al., 2019), the experiences of physicians of color practicing in the U.S. (Filut et al., 2020), and the influence of overrepresentation of women in medical specialties (Pelley et al., 2020). She is currently leading the Bias Reduction in Internal Medicine (BRIM) Initiative. BRIM is a 19-site cluster randomized trial that will test the effect of a bias habit-reducing workshop on faculty engagement in bias reducing actions and department climate while simultaneously building capacity for further institutional transformation at all participating sites.

Publications

 * Carnes M, Handelsman J, Sheridan J. Diversity in academic medicine: the stages of change model. J Womens Health. 2005;14(6):471-5. PMID: 16115000
 * Bartels C, Goetz S, Ward E, Carnes M. Internal medicine residents' perceived ability to direct patient care: Impact of gender and experience. J Womens Health 2008;17(10):1615-21. PMID: 19049356; PMCID: PMC2755498


 * Carnes M, Devine PG, Isaac C, Baier Manwell L, Ford CE, Byers-Winston A, Fine E, Sheridan J. Promoting institutional change through bias literacy. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. 2012 5(2) 63-77. PMID 22822416 . PMCID: PMC3399596
 * Gutierrez B, Kaatz A, Chu S, Ramirez D, Samson-Samuel C, Carnes M. Fair Play: A video game designed to address implicit race bias through active perspective taking. Games for Health Journal 2014, 3(6):371-378. PMID: 26192644 PMCID: PMC4559151. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2013.0071 (†Dual first authors, contributed equally)
 * Kolehmainen C, Brennan M, Filut A, Isaac C, Carnes M. Afraid of being “witchy with a ‘B’”: A qualitative study of how residents enact leadership in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acad Med 2014; 89:9, 1-6. PMID: 24979289. PMCID: PMC4146658. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000372


 * Carnes M, Devine PG, Manwell LB, Byars-Winston  A, Fine E, Ford CE, Forscher P, Isaac C, Kaatz A, Magua W, Palta M, Sheridan J. Effect of an intervention to break the gender bias habit: A cluster randomized, controlled trial.  Acad Med. 2015;90(1): 221–230 PMID:25374039 PMCID: PMC4310758.doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000552
 * Kaatz A, Carnes M, Gutierrez B, Savoy J, Samuel C, Filut A, Pribbenow CM. Fair Play: A study of scientific workforce trainers’ experience playing an educational videogame about racial bias. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2017; Summer;16(2). pii: ar27. PMID: 28450447 PMCID: PMC5459245. doi: 10.1187/cbe.15-06-0140
 * Carnes M. The American College of Physicians is working hard to achieve gender equity and everyone will benefit. Ann Int Med 2018; 168(10): 741-743. PMID: 29710085 doi: 10.7326/M18-0837
 * Pier EL, Brauer M. Filut A, Kaatz A, Raclaw J, Nathan MJ, Ford CE, Carnes M. Low agreement among reviewers evaluating the same NIH grant applications. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2018; 115(12) 2952- 2958. PMID: 29507248. PMCID: PMC5866547. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1714379115
 * Pier EL, Raclaw J, Carnes M, Ford CE, Kaatz A. Laughter and the chair: Social pressures influencing scoring during grant peer review meetings. J Gen Intern Med 2019. 34(4):513-4.  PMID: 30604119 PMCID: PMC6445833 doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4751-9
 * Carnes M, Fine E, Sheridan J. Promises and pitfalls of diversity statements: Proceed with caution. Acad Med 2019. 94(1): 20-24. PMID: 30067539 PMCID: PMC6309930 doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002388
 * Biernat M, Carnes M, Filut A, Kaatz A. Gender, race, and grant reviews: Translating and responding to research feedback. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2020. 46(1): 140-154. PMID: 31088206 doi: 10.1177/0146167219845921
 * Carnes M, Fine E, Sheridan J. Promises and pitfalls of diversity statements: Proceed with caution. Acad Med 2019. 94(1): 20-24. PMID: 30067539 PMCID: PMC6309930 doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002388
 * Filut, A, Alvarez M, Carnes M. Discrimination toward physicians of color: A systematic review. Journal of the National Medical Association 2020 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 32197899 doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.02.008
 * Heffron AS, Braun KM, Allen-Savietta C, Filut A, Hanewall C, Huttenlocher A, Handelsman J, Carnes M. Gender can influence student experiences in MD-PhD training. J Women’s Health 2020 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 32349608 doi: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8094
 * Pelley E, Carnes M. When a specialty becomes “women’s work”: Trends in and implications of specialty gender segregation in medicine. Acad Med 2020 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 32590470 doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003555