User:KKillham/sandbox/Skeletal System

Skeletal System

The skeletal system does a variety of things. It "protects and supports body organs" as well as providing "a framework" for the muscles to use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed inside of bones and the bones store minerals. Before bones are completely formed in the womb they begin as hyaline cartilage (Marieb, 2002).

List of Bone Names (in no particular order)

Cranium, skull, clavicle, cervical vertebrea, true ribs, scapula, false ribs, illium, ishchium, pubis, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, fibula, tibia, femur, metacarpals, carpals, coroid process, ulna, radius, vertebra, humerus, rib, sternum, thoracic vertebrea, veterbrail column, lumbar vertebrea, sacrum, coccyx, calcaneus, talus, coronal suture, frontal bone, sphenoid bone, nasal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, mastoid process, external auditory meatus, zygomatic process, occipital bone, squamous suture, lambdoid suture, temporal bone, and parietal bone (Marieb, 2002).

Joints

There are many types of joints: synarthroses (also known as fibrous), amphiarthroses (also known as cartilaginous), and diarthroses (also known as synovial). Fibrous joints cannot move at all and are found in the head. Cartilaginous joints can move a little bit and are found in the pelvis and spinal cord. Synovial joints are free moving and are found on the limbs. There are six different kinds of synovial joints: plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, as well as ball and socket joints. These six joints all have four features that are the same, which will be explained later. Plane joints have flat articular surfaces and only allow short slipping or gliding movements. Plane joints can be found in the carpals. Hinge joints have a cylindrical end on one bone that fits into the trough shaped surface of the other bone. Hinge joints only allow angular movement. Hinge joints can be found on the humerus and ulna. Pivot joints have a rounded end that fits into a sleeve or ring of bone. Pivot joints can only rotate around the long axis. Pivot joints can be found on the ulna and radius. Condyloid joints are egg shaped articular surfaces that fit into an oval concavity in another bone. Condyloid joints allow side-to-side and back-and-forth movement. Condyloid joints are found in the metacarpals and phalanx. Saddle joints have a convex and concave articular surfaces and allow the same movement as condyloid joints. These can be found in the carpals and metacarpals. Ball and socket joints have a spherical head on one bone that fits into a round socket of another bone. Ball and socket joints allow movement on all axes and can be found on the humerus and scapula. The four features that every synovial joint has are: articular cartilage, fibrous articular capsule, joint cavity, and reinforcing ligaments. Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones forming the joint. Fibrous articular capsules are joint surfaces incased by a sleeve or capsule of fibrous connective tissue. Joint cavities contain lubricating synovial fluid. Finally, reinforcing ligaments are fibrous capsules usually reinforced with ligaments (Marieb, 2002).