User:KYPark/1984

Richard Anderson

 * Cultural competence, Cultural literacy, Cross-cultural communication, etc.
 * Role of the reader’s schema in comprehension, learning, and memory
 * In: Learning to read in American schools: Basal readers and content texts (pp. 373–383). Laurence Earlbaum Associates.

Gordon Baker

 * Frege: Logical Excavations
 * with P.M.S. Hacker, Oxford University Press


 * ``Vigorous, if controversial, criticism of both Frege's philosophy and influential contemporary interpretations such as Dummett's.``

Joe Becker

 * Multilingual Word Processing
 * Scientific American


 * ``Joseph D. Becker is one of the co-founders of the Unicode project, and an Officer Emeritus of the Unicode Consortium. He has worked on artificial intelligence at BBN and multilingual workstation software at Xerox. He speaks survival-level Mandarin Chinese, French, German, Japanese, and Russian as well as English.``
 * ``Quite by chance, I mentioned the situation to a professional colleague, Jesse Ostroff. He said that he was quite friendly with Joe Becker who, at that time, was very influential in Wiley's publishing in information science. Jesse gave a copy of my text to Joe, who liked it. John Wiley made a rapid decision to publish.`` -- F. Wilfrid Lancaster

Simon Blackburn

 * Spreading the Word: Groundings in the Philosophy of Language
 * Oxford University Press. Google Preview

PART I  OUR LANGUAGE AND OURSELVES 

CHAPTER 1 The Shape of the Problems 

"When you come tomorrow, bring my football boots. Also, if humanly possible, Irish water spaniel. Urgent. Regards. Tuppy."

"What do you make of that, Jeeves?"

"As I interpret the document, sir, Mr. Glossop wishes you, when you come tomorrow, to bring his football boots. Also, if humanly possible, an Irish water spaniel. He hints that the matter is urgent, and sends his regards."

"Yes, that's how I read it, too . . ." P. G. Wodehouse, 'The Ordeal of Young Tuppy'.

1. A Preliminary Map

A philosophy of language attempts to achieve some understanding of a triangle of elements:

Fig. 1

The speaker uses the language. With it he can put himself into various relations with the world. He can describe it, or ask questions about it, issue commands to change it, put himself under obligations to act in it in various ways, offer metaphors, images, jokes, about what it is like. The task of the philosopher is to obtain some stable conception of this triangle of speaker, language, and world. This aim will appear somewhat different to different generations and times. The things which seem reliable and unpuzzling to one thinker come to seem crucially problematic to another. One of the difficulties of appreciating the area is just that of seeing which questions should be framed first, and which concepts are reliable and legitimate aids to answering them. Even at this point the choices are contentious. There is no one proper selection of questions and aids which philosophers of language unite in respecting. But there are more or less intelligent guides to choosing, and one good guide will also enable one to come to respect the virtues of other good guides.


 * See also: Essays in Quasi-Realism (1993)
 * Quasi-realism, Projectivism

Pierre Bourdieu

 * Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste
 * London: Routledge
 * Originally, La Distinction, 1979


 * In 1998 the International Sociological Association voted it one of the ten most important sociological books of the 20th century.

Don Cupitt

 * Sea of Faith
 * BBC television series
 * The Sea of Faith, BBC Books, Cambridge University Press, 1984


 * He challenged orthodox Christian beliefs and came to the British public's attention. He is currently a key figure in the Sea of Faith network, a group of spiritual "explorers" who share Cupitt's concerns, based in the UK, New Zealand and Australia.
 * Taking Leave of God, SCM Press, 1980.
 * Who was Jesus? (with Peter Armstrong), British Broadcasting Corporation, London, 1977.

Paul Davies

 * God and the New Physics
 * Simon & Schuster


 * (1992) The Mind of God

Edward Feigenbaum

 * EPAM-like Models of Recognition and Learning
 * Cognitive Science, 8, 305-336 (with Herbert A. Simon)


 * EPAM

Owen Flanagan

 * The Science of the Mind
 * MIT press, 1984, 2nd edition, 1991.
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=80HIwMz3bvwC


 * Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, summer 1979.
 * Began writing the book While he was a Visiting Scholar at Harvard University, 1980-81.
 * Jerry Fodor's Institute on Psychology and the Philosophy of Mind at the University of Washington at Seatle, summer 1981.
 * Acknowledgement, July 1983.

Clifford Geertz

 * Anti-Anti-Relativism
 * American Anthropologist, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 263-278

Frank Halasz

 * ''Mental Models and Problem Solving in Using a Calculator
 * Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University.
 * See also:
 * 1983#Dedre Gentner, Mental Models.
 * 1983#Stuart Card, The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction.
 * 1985#Allen Newell, "The Prospects for Psychological Science in Human-Computer Interaction."


 * In this year he also co-developed a cutting-edge "second generation" hypertext system NoteCards with Randall Trigg and Thomas P. Moran (who also co-authored at London with Stuart Card and Allen Newell (1983)) at Xerox PARC. For them, back then at least, the mental model, mind map (since 1975) or the like was hypertext!

Donald Knuth

 * Literate Programming
 * The Computer Journal, Vol. 27, Iss. 2, pp. 97-111 (received September 1983)

David Kolb

 * Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development
 * Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.


 * See also
 * David A. Kolb & Ron Fry (1975)
 * A. Kolb & David A. Kolb (2001). Experiential Learning Theory Bibliography online

Lesk
Michael Lesk (1984). Programming Languages for Text and Knowledge Processing. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, pp. 97-128, 1984.
 * Lesk's publications

Levy
Steven Levy (1984). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
 * Hacker ethic
 * Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
 * Community Memory
 * Homebrew Computer Club
 * People's Computer Company
 * Free software movement
 * Tiny BASIC
 * Pekka Himanen (2001). The Hacker Ethic
 * John Markoff (2005). What the Dormouse Said

Bernard Lewis

 * The Jews of Islam

For Christians and Muslims alike, tolerance is a new virtue, intolerance a new crime. For the greater part of the history of both communities, tolerance was not valued nor was intolerance condemned. Until comparatively modern times, Christian Europe neither prized nor practiced tolerance itself, and was not greatly offended by its absence in others. The charge that was always brought against Islam was not that its doctrines were imposed by force -- something seen as normal and natural -- but that its doctrines were false. (pp. 3-4)

Niklas Luhmann

 * Soziale Systeme

Nicholas Maxwell

 * From Knowledge to Wisdom&#58; A Revolution in the Aims and Methods of Science
 * Basil Blackwell, Oxford
 * http://www.knowledgetowisdom.org/
 * mailto:nick@knowledgetowisdom.org


 * cf. (1998) The Comprehensibility of the Universe: A New Conception of Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford
 * cf. (1976) What's Wrong With Science?
 * cf. Manfred Kochen (1975) Information for Action: from Knowledge to Wisdom
 * cf. Roger Sperry (1983) Science and Moral Priority

Ilya Prigogine

 * Order out of Chaos
 * with Isabelle Stengers

Rupert Riedl

 * Biology of Knowledge&#58; The Evolutionary Basis of Reason
 * John Wiley & Sons, Chichester


 * (1978) Order in living organisms: A systems analysis of evolution. New York: Wiley.
 * evolutionary epistemology, SEP

Wesley Salmon

 * Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World

Brian Skyrms

 * Pragmatics and Empiricism
 * Yale University Press


 * (1980) Causal Necessity: A Pragmatic Investigation of the Necessity of Laws
 * Supervised Nancy Cartwright at University of Illinois at Chicago

Timothy Sprigge

 * The Vindication of Absolute Idealism
 * Sprigge defended a panpsychist version of absolute idealism according to which reality consists of bits of experience combined into a certain kind of coherent whole. His work presents several new arguments in favor of the plausibility of such an account.

Paul Watzlawick

 * Invented Reality: How Do We Know What We Believe We Know? (Contributions to Constructivism)
 * W. W. Norton & Co. Inc.


 * constructivist epistemology
 * Heinz von Foerster, invited by Jean Piaget, presented "Objects: tokens for (Eigen-)behaviours" in 1976 in Geneva at a Genetic Epistemology Symposium, a text that will become a reference for constructivist epistemology.
 * Edgar Morin (1986) La Méthode, Tome 3, La Connaissance de la connaissance
 * Ernst von Glasersfeld (1987) The Construction of Knowledge: Contributions to Conceptual Semantics

Richard Wurman

 * TED (conference)
 * founded with Harry Marks
 * hosted now by Chris Anderson and owned by his non-profit organization The Sapling Foundation