User:KYPark/1991

Scientific American

 * Communications, Computers, and Networks
 * Scientific American (September 1991) Volume 265, Number 3.
 * Special Issue: Communications, Computers, and Networks


 * Mark Weiser. "The Computer for the 21st Century"

Tim Berners-Lee

 * World Wide Web
 * ``On August 6, 1991, he posted a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the alt.hypertext newsgroup. This date also marked the debut of the Web as a publicly available service on the Internet. First server outside of Europe was created at SLAC in December 1991.``


 * Talk:World Wide Web

John Brown

 * with A. Collins and A. Holum


 * Cognitive Apprenticeship&#58; Making Thinking Visible
 * American Educator (Winter 1991) pp. 6-11, 38-41.


 * cited in the context of critical thinking or critical pedagogy. pdf
 * 

Jerome Bruner

 * The Narrative Construction of Reality
 * Critical Inquiry, 18(1): 1-21


 * He argued that the mind structures its sense of reality using mediation through "cultural products, like language and other symbolic systems". He specifically focuses on the idea of narrative as one of these cultural products. He defines narrative in terms of ten things:
 * Narrative diachronicity
 * Particularity
 * Intentional state entailment
 * Hermeneutic composability
 * Canonicity and breach
 * Referentiality
 * Genericness
 * Normativeness
 * Context sensitivity and negotiability
 * Narrative accrual
 * (1990) Acts of Meaning
 * social constructivism

Michael Buckland

 * Information as Thing
 * JASIS 42(5): 351-360.


 * Citing Jason Farradane (1979) "The Nature of Information."

Alex Callinicos

 * Against Postmodernism: A Marxist Critique
 * Cambridge: Polity Press.


 * "Obituary: The Infinite Search," Socialist Review, November 2004.
 * "There is much to celebrate in the work of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida."

John Garcia

 * Creative Transformation&#58; A Practical Guide for Maximizing Creativity
 * Full text @ http://www.see.org/e-ct-dex.htm


 * History of creativity

Gray
Jim Gray (1991). The Benchmark Handbook: For Database and Transaction Processing Systems. Morgan Kaufman. ISBN 9781558601598
 * cf. System R

Hayakawa
Samuel I. Hayakawa (1991). Language in Thought and Action, 5th ed.
 * Edited by his son Alan R. Hayakawa
 * Introduction by Robert MacNeil

Richard Lanigan

 * Speaking and Semiology&#58; Maurice Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenological Theory of Existential Communication
 * Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 3110128640, ISBN 9783110128642

This step in the phenomenological method is largely a post-Husserl addition that derives from both French and German heritage of philosophy. In particular the existential philosophies of Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty lead to a level of phenomenological analysis that is termed hermeneutics. Hermeneutic is an attempt to interpret the meaning or "sense" of a given phenomenon. This procedure is generally contrasted with the [... method ...] which usually bears the label "descriptive phenomenology". The object of hermeneutic is to go beyond the meaning that is not immediately manifest to description. In Merleau-Ponty hermeneutic takes the form of a return to the pre-reflective level of consciousness that underlies the conscious level of the lived-body experience of the body-subject [...]. In general, the use of hermeneutic is an attempt to uncover those pre-conscious structures of meaning that inhere in the conscious presence of phenomena. (p. 34)

Jean Lave

 * Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation
 * Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. (with Etienne Wenger) Google


 * John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid (1991). "Organizational learning and communities-of-practice: Toward a unified view of working, learning and innovation". Organization Science 2(1). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2634938?cookieSet=1
 * John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid (1989)
 * community of practice, legitimate peripheral participation, situated learning, situated cognition

Mark McCahill

 * Gopher
 * released in late spring of 1991, with Farhad Anklesaria, Paul Lindner, Dan Torrey, and Bob Alberti of the University of Minnesota


 * Gopher is a distributed document search and retrieval network protocol designed for the Internet. Its goal is to function as an improved form of Anonymous FTP, enhanced with hyperlinking features similar to that of the World Wide Web. The Gopher protocol offers some features not natively supported by the Web and imposes a much stronger hierarchy on information stored on it.

Ikujiro Nonaka

 * The Knowledge Creating Company
 * Harvard Business Review, 69, (Nov-Dec), 96-104.


 * SECI (socialization - externalization - combination - internalization) model as the spiraling knowledge processes of interaction between explicit knowledge & tacit knowledge (PARC, Berkeley)
 * Hirotaka Takeuchi

Richard Paul

 * The 11th Annual International Conference for Critical Thinking
 * Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, August 4-8, 1991.


 * Jerry E. Fluellen (1992) "Unpacking Richard Paul's Strong Sense Critical Thinking." pdf
 * Critical thinking
 * Critical pedagogy, Paulo Freire Institute currently headquartered at UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, directed by Dr. Carlos Torres
 * Paulo Freire, Peter McLaren, Donaldo Macedo, Joe L. Kincheloe, Ira Shor, Henry Giroux
 * David Bohm, David Perkins (Harvard), Howard Gardner (Harvard), John Seely Brown

Herbert A. Simon

 * Literary Criticism&#58; A Cognitive Approach
 * Originally, Hitchcock Lectures delivered at the University of California at Berkeley in 1991.
 * Revised in: Stanford Humanities Review (SEHR), volume 4, issue 1 (A special issue ed. by Stefano Franchi and Güven Güzeldere) Bridging the Gap: Where Cognitive Science Meets Literary Criticism (updated 8 April 1995) (TOC)


 * Cf. Jerry R. Hobbs, Literature and Cognition