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= Jie Jack Li = Jie Jack Li is the current Chief Scientific Officer at Genhouse Bio in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. Li has published over 30 scientific articles, more than 20 books, multiple book chapters and reviews, and has 9 patents. His undergraduate work focused on polymer chemistry; he then shifted his focus to organic chemistry in his doctoral and postdoctoral work. He is a medicinal chemist with over 25 years of experience in many drug targets including: receptors, enzymes, and ion channels.

Education
Li obtained his B.S. (1983) and M.S. (1987) from Nanjing University, People’s Republic of China. His research at Nanjing focused on polymer chemistry. In 1990, Li attended Indiana University, working in the David Williams group. He obtained his PhD in organic chemistry in 1995, where he accomplished the Total Synthesis of Myxovirescin A1. He then conducted two years of postdoctoral research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the advisory of Dr. Rick Danheiser.

Career
Upon completion of his masters degree, Li worked as an assistant professor of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry at Nanjing Forestry University (1988-1990). Li moved to the United States in 1990 to continue his education and receive his PhD from Indiana University.

Following postdoctoral work, Li began his career as a medicinal chemist at Pfizer in 1997, reaching the level of Senior Principal Scientist. Li worked in the area of inflammation, central nervous system, and dermatology. He designed and worked on drugs for oral and dermal applications, as well as drugs that cross blood-brain barrier. While at Pfizer, Li worked with a variety of other departments including: Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Drug Safety, Patent Lawyers, and Clinical Development. His projects included: GPCRs (Smoothened, MCP-1, IL-8, and 5HT6), enzymes (MMPs, both broad spectrum and MMP-13 specific), and nuclear hormone receptors (AR and TR). One of Li's compounds (a TR agonist) is in Phase I of drug clinical trials.

In 2007, Li moved to work as a medicinal chemist at Bristol-Myers Squibb, reaching the level of Senior Research Investigator II. Li's work at BMS included the scale up of toxicology batches for drug candidates, working at the interface of medicinal chemistry and process chemistry until 2012.

After more than 15 years working in medicinal chemistry, Li became an associate professor of chemistry at the University of San Francisco (2013-2017). At USFCA, Li taught organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. His independent research endeavors included C–H activation of heterocycles. His goal was to develop novel methods for C–H activation green chemistry. He explored the C–H fluorination of arenes and heteroarenes, using removable directing groups. Another area of his study was drug discovery targeting diabetes and cancer drugs. The goal was to discover new anti-cancer drugs by targeting both novel and proven mechanisms of action, such as the hedgehog signaling pathway.

In 2013, Li left USFCA to work as a principal scientist at REVOLUTION Medicines. He worked on developing SHP2 and KRAS G12C inhibitors. In 2019, Li became the Vice President of Discovery Chemistry ChemPartner, South San Francisco and Shanghai, and is currently the Chief Scientific Officer of Genhouse Bio in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, while also being an Adjunct Professor at University of Michigan teaching medicinal chemistry.

Total Synthesis of Myxovirescin A1
Li completed the total synthesis of Myxovirescin A1 in 1994 during his doctoral work under Dr. David Williams. Myxovirescin A1 is a 28 -membered macrolactam lactone antibitoic, inhibiting growth of E. coli and other enterobacteria. Li and William's synthesis was stereocontrolled and convergent, utilizing the Mukaiyama procedure for macrolactamization.

Diastereoselection in the conjugate additions of organocopper reagents to N-enoyloxazolidinones
Williams, Kissel, and Li provided new methods of diastereoselectivity for reactions of alkyl, alkenyl, and allyl organocopper reagents by use of chiral 4-benzyl- and 4-phenyloxazolidinone auxiliaries. 4-phenyloxazolidinone auxiliaries yield predictable and high stereoselectivity (85% diastereomeric excess) for 1,4-conjugate addition reactions.

Buchwald−Hartwig Amination of 2-Bromopyridines
Secondary and tertiary aminopyridines are not readily synthesized, but are important in medicinal chemistry. Li, Wang, and Mitchell applied palladium catalysis to 2-Bromopyridines to form a new carbon-nitrogen bond, yielding secondary and tertiary aminopyridines. Standard Buchwald-Hartwig amination conditions failed, Li and co forged new methods to achieve this transformation. This method provides convenient and practical entry to various novel secondary and tertiary amines that are otherwise not straightforward to synthesize and not found in the literature.

Synthesis of N-Bridged 5,6-Bicylic Pyridines Using Burgess Reagent and Discovery of A Novel Carbamylsulfonylation Reaction
Li discovered a cyclodehydration reaction utilizing Burgess reagent to give a new way to synthesize N-bridged 5,6-bicylic pyridines. Examples of 5,6-bicylic pyridines are pyrolo-, imidazo-, and triazolopyridines. These pyridine motifs are important and found often in medicinal chemistry. Pyrrolopyridine is an example found in 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, H3 receptor antagonists, 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors, and phosphatase inhibitors. Imidazopyridine is an example found in PDE-3 inhibitor, zolpidem, and a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulator. Triazolopyridine is an example found in MAP kinase inhibitors, growth hormone secretagogues, and CCR5 inhibitors. Standard cyclodehydrations to form bicyclic heterocycles usually involve toxic, strong acidic, or corrosive reagents. The methodology discovered by Li works in the presence of acid-sensitive functional groups. For a few substrates, the cyclodehydration products were reactive enough to react further with an additional equivalent of Burgess reagent to give unique sulfonylcarbamates. Li claims these sulfonylcarbamate adducts in pyrrolo- and imidazopyridines are the first to be reported. Their method provides a way to make these unusual heterocyclics.

C–H activation/annulation of N-phenoxyacetamides and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
Li's independent research career focused on C–H activation of heterocycles. Li's group published an oxyacetamide-directed RhIII-catalyzed C–H activation/ [4+3] annulation. This reaction begins with N-phenoxyacetamides and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to yield 1,2-benzoxazepines. 1,2-Oxazepines and derivatives have been found in pharmaceuticals with the potential to be biologically and/or medicinally active. Access to these seven-membered rings are rare and difficult. Li and co report mild reaction conditions and good yields with their new method. The scope explored started with substitution of the N-phenoxyacetamides. The substituents on the nitrogen include: acetyl, propionyl, and benzyloxycarbonyl. These three different protecting groups gave desired product in moderate to good yields. Substitution on the benzene ring included electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, all giving product in moderate to high yields. Nonaromatic substrates also afforded product in good yields.

Unsaturated aldehydes that were successful were (E)-pent-2- enal and (E)-hex-2-enal. When the alkyl chain was replaced with an aryl group, no reactivity was observed. The 1,2-oxazepines product can be reduced to yield a benzo-fused oxygen heterocycle chroman derivative. Chromans are important building blocks in a number of biologically important molecules.

Awards and Honors

 * ROC Triumph Award, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (2011)
 * R&D Star Award, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (2011)
 * R&D Star Award, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (2010)
 * R&D Star Awards, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (2008)
 * Pfizer Employee Recognition Award (2005)
 * Neurontin Teamwork Award, Pfizer (2004)
 * Junior Faculty Teaching Award, Nanjing Forestry University (1988-1989)
 * Outstanding MS Thesis Award, Nanjing University (1988)
 * First-class Academic Achievement Scholarship, Nanjing University (1982-1983)

Associations/Affiliations

 * Editorial Board Member Medicinal Chemistry Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan (2022-Present)
 * Founding Executive Editorial Board Member, MedChemPharm24, Thieme: Germany (2013-present)
 * Volume Editor, Science of Synthesis, Volume 16 Updates, Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms (2010-2012)
 * Expert Analyst and Guest Editor for ChemTracts, Organic Chemistry (2002-2010)
 * Editor, ARKIVOC (2003-present)
 * LIFE (Library Ideas and File Enrichment) Committee, Pfizer (2002-2003)
 * Chairman, Seminar Committee, Pfizer (2000-2001)
 * American Chemical Society (1990-present)
 * Ad hoc Referee for: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry; Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters; European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry; European Journal of Organic Chemistry; Journal of American Chemical Society; Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry; Journal of Natural Products; Journal of Organic Chemistry; MedChemComm; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Health (NIH); Organic Letters; Oxford University Press; Pathobiology; Romanian Research Council; Springer Verlag; Tetrahedron; Tetrahedron Letters; Wiley-VCH; Wiley
 * Recognized reviewer, Elsevier (2014-present)

Publications

 * Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/[4+3] annulation of N-phenoxyacetamides and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes: anefficient route to 1,2-oxazepines at room temperature, Duan, P. P.; Lan, X.; Chen, Y.; Qian, S. S.; Li, J. J.; Lu, L.; Lu, Y.; Chen, B.; Hong, M.; Zhao, J. Chem.Commun. 2014, 50, 12135-12138.
 * 2,5-Bis-(Sulfonyl)pyrazines as Unprecedented Building Blocks and Their SNAr Reactions, Li, J. J.; Wei Meng, Shung Wu, Yong-Jin Wu, Jason Guernon, Michael M. Miller, Martin P. Allen, Peter T. Cheng, and Bang-chi Chen, Tetrahedron Lett. 2013, 54, 1938-1942.
 * AlMe3-Promoted Formation of Amides From Acids and Amines, Li, J.; Subramaniam, K.; Smith, D.; Qiao, J. X.; Li, J. J.; Qian-Cutrone, J.; Kadow, J. F.; Vite, G. D.; Chen, B.-C. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 214-217.
 * Smoothened Antagonists for Hair Growth Inhibition, Jie Jack Li, Zenquan Wang, Veerabahu Shanmugasundaram, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20, 4932-4935.
 * Thyroid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia Li, J. J.; Mitchell, L. H.; Dow, R. L. Bioorg. Med. Chem.Lett. 2010, 20, 306-308.
 * Rational Design and Synthesis of 4-((1R,2R)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl)-2(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (PF-998425), A Novel, Non-steroidal Androgen Receptor Antagonist Devoid of Photo-toxicity for Dermatological Indications, Jie Jack Li, Donna M. Iula, Maria N. Nguyen, Lain-Yen Hu, Zhi Wang, Jennifer A. Van Camp, Theodore R. Johnson, William G. Harter, Wen-Song Yue, Mark L. Boys, Daniel Y. Du, Kimberly, J. Wade, Matthew Carroll, Danielle Dettling, Brian M. Samas, Garrett S. Hoge, Mark J. Lovdahl, Jeffrey Asbill, Mary Ann Meade, Elena Spencer, Susan M. Ciotti, and Theresa Krieger-Burke J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 7010-7014.
 * A Synthesis of N-Bridged 5,6-Bicylic Pyridines via A Mild Cyclodehydration Using the Burgess Reagent and Discovery of A Novel Carbamylsulfonylation Reaction, Jie Jack Li, James J. Li, Jun Li, Ashok K. Trehan, Henry S. Wong, Subramanian Krishnananthan, Lawrence J. Kennedy, Qi Gao, Alicia Ng, Jeffrey A. Robl, Balu Balasubramanian, and Bang-Chi Chen, Org. Lett.2008, 10, 2897-2900.
 * Quinazolinones as Specific and Orally Active MMP-13 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis, Li, J. J.; Yue, W.-S.; Ortwine, D. F.; Johnson, A. R.; Man, C.-F.; Baragi, V.; Kilgore, K.; Dyer, R. D.; Han, H.-K. J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 835-841.
 * (1R,2S)-4-(2-Cyano-cyclohexyl-oxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile, A Potent Androgen Receptor Antagonist For Stimulating Hair Growth And Reducing Sebum Production, Lain-Yen Hu, Daniel Du, Jie Jack Li, et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2007, 17, 5983-5988.
 * Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amino-Pyridines As Androgen Receptor Antagonists For Stimulating Hair Growth And Reducing Sebum Production, Lain-Yen Hu, Huangshu John Lei,  Daniel Du, Theodore R. Johnson, Victor Fedij, Catherine Kostlan, Wen Song Yue, Mark Lovdahl, Jie Jack Li, Mathew Carroll, et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2007, 17, 5693-5697.
 * Preparation of 4-Aryl-2-Trifluoromethylbenzonitrile Derivatives As Androgen Receptor Antagonists For Topical Suppression of Sebum Production, Jennifer A. Van Camp, Lain-Yen Hu, Catherine Kostlan, Bruce Lefker, Jie Li, Lorna Mitchell, Zhi Wang, Wen-Song Yue, Matthew Carroll, Danielle Dettling, et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2007, 17, 5529-5532.
 * A Practical Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of 2-Bromopyridines with Volatile Amines, Li, J. J.; Wang, Z.; Mitchell, L. H. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3606-3607.
 * SAR of 2-Amino-3-Heteroaryl-Quinoxalines As Potent, Non-Peptide Il-8 Receptor Antagonists, Jie Jack Li, Wen Song Yue, Bharat K. Trivedi, Steven R. Miller, David T. Connor, Bruce D. Roth, Joseph E. Low, David J. Heilig, Stephen Hunt,Kenneth G. Carson, Roberta A. Glynn, Qing Ye, Jay R. Luly, Weixing Yang, Shixin Qin Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003, 11, 3777-3790.
 * A Concise Synthesis of All Four Possible Benzo[4,5]furopyridines via Palladium-Mediated Reactions, Yue, W. S.; Li, J. J.Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 2201-2203.
 * Stereoselective Synthesis of Syn- And Anti-1,3- And 1,2-Dimethyl Arrays Via Asymmetric Conjugate Additions, Williams, D. R.; Kissel, W. S.; Li, Jie Jack; Mullins, R. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3723-3727.
 * Synthesis of Novel 3-Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines via an Intramolecular Heck Reaction on an Aminoquinoxaline Scaffold, Li, J. J. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8425-8427.
 * Synthesis of 3-Aryl and 3-Heterocyclic Quinoxalin-2-ylamines via Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions, Li, J. J.; Yue, W. S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 4507-4510.
 * Installation of 12b-Substitueuts onto Indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidin-2-ones and Application to Reserpone Analogue Synthesis, Li, J. J.; Trivedi,               B.K.; Rubin, J. R.; Roth, B. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 6111-6114.
 * Diastereoselection in The Conjugate Additions of Organocopper Reagents to N-Enoyoxazolidinones, Williams, D. R.; Kissel, W. S.; Li, J.J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 8593-8596.
 * The Total Synthesis of Myxovirescin A1, Williams, D. R.; Li, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 5113-5116.
 * Gel Permeation Chromatography of Water-Soluble Lignosulfonates, Luo, L.; Wu, W.; Li, J.; Yu, S. Chromatography 1992,10, 375-376.
 * Simultaneous Fermentation of Hemicellulosic Pentoses and Hexoses by Cadida Shehatae, Yu, S.; Luo, L.; Li, J.; Tang, H. Chemistry and Industry of Forestry Products 1991, 11, 17-24.
 * Oxidation of Lignosulfonate to Vanillin, Luo, L.; Li, J.; Yu, S. Chemical Reaction and Engineering Technology 1990, 6, 53-59.
 * Analysis of Acetic Acid, Furfural, and Ethanol in Spent Sulfite Liquor by Gas Chromatography, Li, J.; Luo, L.; Yu, S.Chromatography 1990, 8, 119-120.
 * Pentose Fermentation of Spent Sulfite Liquor into Ethanol, Yu, S.; Luo, L.; Li, J. Industrial Microbiology 1989, 4, 23-27.

Patents

 * Li, J.; Robl, J. A.; Li, J. J.; Kennedy, L. J.; Wang, H.; Li, J. J.; Qian, X.; Deshpande, R. P.; Kolla, L.R.; Cann, R. O.; Wei, C.; Galella, M. Triazolopyridine 11-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type I Inhibitors. USP 8,119,658 (2012).
 * Li, J.; Robl, J. A.; Li, J. J.; Kennedy, L. J.; Wang, H.; Li, J. J.; Qian, X.; Deshpande, R. P.; Kolla, L.R.; Cann, R. O.; Wei, C.; Galella, M. Triazolopyridine 11-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type I Inhibitors. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2009), 86 pp. US 2009093516.
 * Jie Jack Li, Fused Tetrahydropyridine Derivatives as Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases, US6869958, May 22, 2004.
 * Jie Jack Li, Substituted Naphthalene and Quinoline Derivatives as Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases WO20030803,August 3, 2003.
 * Gaudilliere, Bernard; Jacobelli, Henry; Kostlan, Catherine; Li, Jie Jack; Yue, Wen-song. Preparation of Oxo Azabicyclic Compounds Such As Pyridopyrimidinones And Quinazolinones As Inhibitors Of Type-13 Matrix Metalloprotease. US6894057, June 8, 2003.
 * William Harter, Jie Jack Li, Kevon Shuler, Wen-Song Yue; Fused Pyrimidinone Matrix Metalloproteinase InhibitorsWO200264598, August 22, 2002.
 * Dyer, Richard Dennis; Harter, William Glen; Hicks, James Lester; Johnson, Adam Richard; Li, Jie Jack; Roark, William Howard; Shuler, Kevon Ray. Preparation of Bicyclic Pyrimidine Selective Mmp-13 Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors With Therapeutic Uses. WO200264599, August 22, 2002.
 * Carson, Kenneth G.; Connor, David Thomas; Li, Jie Jack; Low, Joseph Edwin; Luly, Jay R.; Miller, Steven Robert; Roth, Bruce David; Trivedi, Bharat Kalidas. Preparation of Substituted Quinoxaline Erivatives As Interleukin-8 Receptor Antagonists.WO9942463, August 26, 1999.
 * Connor, David Thomas; Li, Jie Jack; Low, Joseph Edwin; Miller, Steven Robert; Roth, Bruce David; Trivedi, Bharat Kalidas. Substituted Quinoxaline Derivatives As Interleukin-8 Receptor Antagonists. WO9942461, August 26, 1999.

Books and Reviews

 * Jie Jack Li has published 23 books ranging from organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry to the history of drug discovery. Some of the most influential books being:
 * Name Reactions, 5th edition (2014, Springer)
 * Total Synthesis of Natural Products: At the Frontiers of Organic Chemistry (2013, Springer) with E.J. Corey
 * Drug Discovery: Practices, Processes, and Perspectives, (2013, Wiley) with E.J. Corey
 * Li, J. J. Chapter 6. Addition, Substitution, and Elimination Reactions in Organic Chemistry for Pharmacy; Renslo, A., ed.; McGraw-Hill: Columbus, OH, 2014, in press.
 * Li, J. J.; Johnson, A. R. Selective MMP13 Inhibitors, in Medicinal Research Review 2011, 30, 863-894.
 * Brown, J. M.; Li, J. J.; Sinz, M. W. Antipsychotic Agents in Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development, 7thed., Abraham, D. J.; Rotella, D. P., eds.; Wiley 2010, Vol. 8, pp. 161-218.
 * 1-Amino-4-benzylphthalazines as Orally Bioavailable Smoothened Antagonists With Antitumor Activity; Li, J. J. Chemtracts 2010,23, 5-8.
 * Editorial by Li, J. J., Chemtracts 2008, 21(4), vii.
 * Editorial by Li, J. J., Chemtracts 2008, 21(5), vii.
 * Rationally Designed High-Affinity 2-Amino-6-Halopurine Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors That Exhibit Potent Antitumor Activity Li, Jie Jack Chemtracts 2007, 20, 262-266.
 * Li, J. J. Sommelet reaction, in Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007,  pp. 689-695.
 * Li, J. J. Hunsdiecker Reaction; in Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007, pp. 623-629.
 * Advances in the Development of Methods For The Synthesis Of Neuraminidase Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Influenza [OseltamivirPhosphate (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza)] Johnson, Douglas S.; Li, J. J., in The Art of Drug Synthesis Douglas S. Johnson, Jie Jack Li, Eds., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007; pp. 95-114.
 * An Introduction To Palladium Catalysis, Wolfe, John P.; Li, J. J., Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series (2007), 26(Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry, (2nd Edition), pp.1-35.
 * Sommelet Reaction, in Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007, pp. 689-695.
 * Hunsdiecker Reaction, in Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007, pp. 623-629.
 * Ramberg-Backlund Reaction. in Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007, pp. 386-404.
 * Wacker-Tsuji Oxidation, in Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007, pp. 309-326.
 * Wharton Reaction, in Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007, pp.152-158.
 * Design and Synthesis of 9-Octyl-Benzolactam-V9, A Selective Activator For Protein Kinase Ce and Ch Li, Jie Jack; Mitchell, Lorna H. Chemtracts 2006, 19, 23-27.
 * The First Report of Selective Small Molecule Melanocortin-5 Receptor Antagonists Mitchell, Lorna H.; Li, Jie Jack Chemtracts2005, 18, 226-229.
 * Auwers Flavone Synthesis in Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2005, pp.262-265.
 * Hofmann-Loffler-Freytag Reaction, in Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2005, pp. 63-67.
 * Hoch-Campbell Aziridine Synthesis, in Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2005, pp. 22-28.
 * Corey-Chaykovsky Reaction, in Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jie Jack Li, Ed., Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2005, pp. 2-14.
 * Discovery of a New Class of Anilinoquinazoline Inhibitors with High Affinity and Specificity for the Tyrosine Kinase Domain of c-Src, Jie Jack Li Chemtracts 2004, 17, 286-292.
 * Jie Jack Li, 27.12, N-Haloimines, In Science of Synthesis, Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations, Houben-Weyl, Georg Thieme: Stuttgart-New York, 2004; Vol. 27, 499-510.
 * Jie Jack Li, 27.14, Alkylideneazinic Acids and Derivatives, In Science of Synthesis, Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular        Transformations, Houben-Weyl, Georg Thieme: Stuttgart-New York, 2004; Vol. 27, 581-604.
 * Jie Jack Li, 27.20, N-Nitroimines and N-Nitrosoimines, In Science of Synthesis, Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations, Houben-Weyl, Georg Thieme: Stuttgar -Ne