User:Kahlores/Sandbox/Croatia (2)

Austrian-Hungarian rule

 * 1868: Croatian–Hungarian Settlement or Nagodba, merging the kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia into one Kingdom recognized by the Habsburg monarchy as a political nation entitled to a joint Parliament
 * 1880s-1910s: rise of Trialism in Austria-Hungary, a proposal that would oppose both Hungarian nationalism and revolutionary Yugoslavism supported by Serbia (and Russia). The most prominent proponent of a trialist reform was Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who, as such, was targeted by Serbian nationalists.
 * 1908-10-05: Bosnia-Herzegovina formally annexed by Austria-Hungary (Bosnian Crisis)
 * 1908-10-08: formation of the Narodna Odbrana, a pan-Serb organization operating in Austria-Hugary, is founded by Serbian ministers and generals
 * 1914-06-28: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by one member of a team of assassins from Young Bosnia, a Yugoslavist organization, backed by the Narodna Odbrana and the overlapping Black Hand.

Great War and Interwar Period

 * Creation of Yugoslavia
 * 1914-12-07: Niš Declaration of the Serbian government trying to attract the support of fellow South Slavs who are citizens of enemy Austria-Hungary
 * 1915-04-26: Treaty of London by which the Triple Entente entice Italy into entering the War by promising expansion at the expense, among others, of Austria-Hungary and its South Slav lands; opposed by all Yugoslavists
 * 1915-04-30: Formal creation of the Yugoslav Committee advocating for a Yugoslav state, and headquartering in London.
 * 1917-07-20: Corfu Declaration signed between the Yugoslav Committee and the Kingdom of Serbia, on a future Yugoslav state which would be monarchy. Backing of the United Kingdom and France. Serbia agreed to the talks as it had just lost the support of Russia following the February Revolution. Disagreement between centralist (Serbian PM Pašić) and federalist (Committee's Ante Trumbić) tendencies.
 * 1918-10-29: proclamation of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, as Austria-Hungary is being dissolved
 * 1918-12-01: establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, merging the Independent Kingdom of Serbia with the aformentioned state
 * 1921-06-28: Vidovdan Constitution adopted, not accepted by Radić's Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) until 1925, nor by communists
 * 1923-02-08: Parliamentary election, with a majority of opposing federalist parties
 * 1925-02-08: Parliamentary election, with Radić called into a coalition government
 * 1927-01: Radić's HSS leave the government, pursuing Croatian autonomy
 * 1928-06-20: Croatian nationalist Stjepan Radić shot inside Parliament by Montenegrin Serb leader Puniša Račić, Radić dies weeks later (-08-08)
 * 1929-01-06: 6 January Dictatorship proclaimed by King Alexander I prorogating Parliament, censoring the press
 * 1931-09-03: September Constitution issued by decree. King owns executive power, shares legislative power with the Parliament. Replaces the 33 banats with 9 banovinas named after rivers.
 * 1939-08-26: Cvetković–Maček Agreement or Sporazum, establishing a unified Banovina of Croatia (joining Littoral and Sava) with 20%¨of ethnic Serbs. Uproar in Serbia.
 * 1941-04: Invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers (on -06), followed by surrender (-17) and partition.

Post-Tito era
Privatization in Croatia
 * 1980s: Increasing ethnic tensions following the death of Tito in 1980
 * 1986-05-28: Slobodan Milošević elected leader of the Serbian League of Communists at the 10th Congress, with the influential support of President of Serbia Ivan Stambolić, his mentor and friend
 * 1986-09: SANU Memorandum leaked. 16 Serbian intellectuals, tasked by President Stambolić in 1985, argue for strong reforms of Yugoslavia from a Serbian nationalist perspective
 * 1987-04-24: Milošević adresses a crowd of ethnic Serbs and Montenegrins in Kosovo
 * 1987-09-22: in the live-broadcast of the 8th Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević ousts its rivals on a nationalist platform
 * 1988–90: Milosevic centralizes federal power during the Anti-bureaucratic revolution
 * 1989-03: Ante Marković becomes Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, and starts a program of market-oriented reforms backed by the US and the IMF
 * 1990-01-20–22: 14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, which decide to put an end to the one-party state and to dissolve the communists' federal party, as Slovenian & Croat delegations refuse to go on with the centralization pushed by the Serbian branch.
 * 1990: hyper-inflation begins, the Economic Reform Program defended by President Marković is resisted by the federated entities

Tuđman era

 * 1990-04-22–05-07: parliamentary elections. (Socialist Republic of Croatia): tricameral parliament, Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) 205 of 356 seats, its leader Franjo Tuđman elected President of Croatia, ousting the Communists from power. The victory of a party explicitly favoring Croatian independence was disrupted in the areas (30%) dominated by ethnic Serbs who largely followed the boycott (12.2% of the population, but only 1.55% of the votes for their minority party). They formed militias resisting the authority of the Zagreb government in what was called the Log Revolution. On the other hand, Tuđman and his government embark on a path towards the War of Independence.
 * Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
 * 1990-08-17: ethnic Serbs revolt in Knin, against which a Croatian Special Police (SJP) force is called (the 3 helicopters grounded by JNA)
 * 1990-09: first skirmishes between ethnic Serbs and the expanding SJP
 * 1991-01-10: the JNA is authorized to take weapons from paramilitary forces, and starts confiscating weapons belonging to the Croatian Territorial Defense (TO)
 * 1991-04-11: the Croatian National Guard is set up, as a military substitute
 * 1991-05-19 Independence referendum: overwhelming majority, but boycotted by ethnic Serbs
 * 1991-06-25: declaration of Independence; suspended for talks; the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) is deployed in Slovenia, leading to a Ten-Day War
 * 1991-07-07: Brioni Agreement (sidelining federal President Ante Marković and federal Yugoslavia internationally); JNA to pull out of Slovenia and the two declarations of independence frozen for three months; but deadly clashes continue in Croatia
 * 1991-07-21: Badinter Arbitration Committee set up
 * 1991-08: Republic of Serbian Krajina, under the command of Serbia, takes control of 30% of the territory, leading to the exile of at least 80K Croats and 170K non-Serbs overall (per the ICTY)
 * 1991-10-08: the declarations of independence of Slovenia and Croatia take effect
 * 1991-11-23: Geneva Accord signed by Gen. Kadijević, Milošević and Tuđman
 * 1992-01-02: Vance plan or Implementation Agreement, 10,000-strong multinational ProFor formed and deployed the next month, freezing the frontlines for three years
 * 1992-08-02: Presidential election. President Franjo Tuđman, leader of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), elected (57.83%) in front of Dražen Budiša (Croatian Social Liberal Party, HSLS) (22.29%). Ethnic Serbs essentially excluded.
 * 1995-05-01–03: Operation Flash of the Croatian Army capturing a 558-km² portion of the Republic of Serbian Krajina, displacing 15K ethnic Serbs.
 * 1995-08-04–07: Operation Storm of the Croatian Army destroying the Republic of Serbian Krajina, provoking the exodus of 150K ethnic Serbs.


 * 1995-10-29: parliamentary elections. HDZ absolute majority reconducted (45.23, 75 seats), but Zagreb council election gives a majority to the opposition, which elects a mayor that Tuđman refuses to confirm, leading to the Zagreb crisis and protests. Radio 101 broadcasting license revoked in 1996.
 * 1997-05-15: Presidential election. President Franjo Tuđman reelected (61.41%) but with a much lower turnout (54.62%) in front of SDP's Zdravko Tomac (21.03%) and HSLS' Vlado Gotovac (17.56%). Tuđman centralizes power, but dies from cancer in late 1999.

2000s

 * 2000-01-03: parliamentary elections. HDZ loses power, SDP leader Ivica Račan Prime Minister of a multi-party cabinet that implements large constitutional changes
 * 2000-01-24–02-07: Presidential election. Stjepan Mesić elected (41.31%, 56.01%) in front of HSLS's Dražen Budiša (27.84%, 43.99%) and longstanding Foreign Minister Mate Granić for HDZ (22.58%). The office of President quickly loses most of its actual, then constitutional powers.
 * 2000: HDZ being in opposition, reformist Mate Granić sets up the Democratic Centre (DC)
 * 2000–2002: HDZ internal struggle between tudjmanist faction led by Ivić Pašalić, and reformists led by Ivo Sanader, who eventually takes the helm in 2002
 * 2000–2001: the Constitution is thoroughly amended, through the Parliament supermajority, into a semi-presidential system
 * 2002-07-30: Cabinet of Ivica Račan I is dissolved following the exit of HSLS, Cabinet of Ivica Račan II is formed
 * 2003-11-23: parliamentary elections. HDZ 66 seats, Sanader forms a Cabinet with outside support of liberal and minority parties. Government agenda focuses on meeting the criteria set by Brussels for EU accession.
 * 2007-11-25: parliamentary elections. HDZ 66 seats, SDP 56. The Sanader Cabinet, reliant on minority support, now includes HDZ, HSLS ministers as well as an ethnic Serb.
 * 2009-07-01: Sanader abruptly resigns, designs Jadranka Kosor as his successor. Her Cabinet is voted in the next week.
 * 2011-12-04: parliamentary elections. Zoran Milanović's Kukuriku Coalition led by the SDP receives an absolute majority of 80 seats; the HDZ coalition led by PM Kosor only 47, HSS almost wiped out to just 1 seat (-5, 3.13%)

EU Era

 * 2011-12-09: Treaty of Accession 2011 between the member states of the European Union and Croatia, represented by outgoing PM Jadranka Kosor.
 * 2011-12-23: Cabinet of Zoran Milanović takes office
 * 2012-01-22 Croatian European Union membership referendum: 66.67% in favor, 43.51% turnout
 * 2012-07-08: Boris Vujčić nominated Governor of the Croatian National Bank
 * 2013-04-13 European elections: 20.83% turnout, 12 MEPs: HDZ-led list 6, SDP-led list 5, Labour (GUE) 1
 * 2013-07-01: Croatia becomes the EU's 28th member state
 * 2013-12-01 Croatian constitutional referendum: heterosexual marriage, 66.28% in favor, 37.88% turnout
 * 2014-05-25 European elections: 25.24% turnout, 11 MEPs: HDZ-led list 6, SDP-led list 4, Green 1
 * 2014-12-28–2015-01-11: Presidential election. Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (HDZ) closely elected (37.82%, 50.74%), over SDP-backed Ivo Josipović (39.09%, 49.26%) with Ivan Sinčić (Živi zid) (16.69%) third.
 * 2015-11-08: parliamentary elections. Tomislav Karamarko's HDZ-led coalition 59, Zoran Milanović's SDP-led coalition 56, Most 19. The cabinet of Tihomir Orešković is formed with an HDZ-Most minority coalition, but fails and quickly calls for a snap election.
 * 2016-09-11: parliamentary elections. Andrej Plenković's HDZ-led coalition 61, Zoran Milanović's SDP-led coalition 54, Most 13. Plenković is voted Prime Minister of a minority cabinet that lasts 4 years. Most withdraws its support in 2017, while HNS–LibDems enter in.
 * 2019-12-22–2020-01-05: Presidential election. Incumbent President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović loses reelection (26.65%, 47.34%) to former Prime Minister Zoran Milanović (29.55%, 52.66%), with traditionalist Miroslav Škoro in close third (24.45%), who later sets up the Homeland Movement (DPMŠ).
 * 2020-07-05: parliamentary elections. Turnout of just 46.44%. HDZ-led coalition 66 seats, SPD-led coalition 41, DPMŠ-led coalition 16, Most 8
 * 2021-05-16–31: Zagreb local elections. Green-left Tomislav Tomašević beats nationalist Miroslav Škoro 64% to 34%, with 23 Green-left seats out of 47.
 * 2023-01-01: expected entry into the Eurozone