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Unit 2. 4. When a bimetallic strip is heated it bends because the two metals expand by a different amount.It is used in thermostats to turn a furnace on and off. A bimetallic strip is made with two different metals like iron and copper because they expand different amounts when heated. There is two sides and each have a different type of metal.

All objects must give off infrared radiation. Although your eyes cannot see it some types of film and and electronic detectors can sense it. They convert the infrared radiation into colors that can be read as temperature differences.It is called a thermogram.

A thermocouple has two wires made of different metals and they are connected at both ends.A difference in temperature between both ends causes a small electric current to run through. It can be calibrated so the amount of current tells the temperature. They can measure a lot higher temperatures than a regular thermometer.

Gabriel Fahrenheit created the Fahrenheit scale and it was the first one to be widely used.To place numbers on his scale he chose two things that were known to have the same temperatures every time. The coldest thing they could make back then was a mixture of salt,ice and water which they called zero. Because body temperature is constant,it was used and put near one hundred on the scale.

Anders Celsius studied the details of the freezing and boiling point of water. He showed that the freezing and boiling point of water will always be the same if they are measured under the same conditions.He chose the atmospheric pressure at sea level so his conditions would be continuous. Today it is the most commonly used scale.

During the 1800's Lord Kelvin was studying the effects of changing temperatures on gases and while studying it he decided that there was a coldest possible temperature. He called it absolute zero.Nothing can be colder than it. He developed a scale and it was names Kelvin Scale.

5. Anything that takes up space and has mass is matter.All particles of matter are moving which means they have matter.The energy an object has because of it's motion is call kinetic energy. As the speed of an object increases so does it's kinetic energy.Speed and mass affect the kinetic energy of an object.The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of it's particles. 5.2. A solid is the form of matter which has a fixed shape.It never changes although you may be able to break it.It also has a constant volume. It is possible to change the shape of a solid but you still are not changing the volume.

A liquid on the other hand has no fixed shape. It will take the shape of it's container and forms a flat surface.Liquids also have an unchanging volume as long as the temperature does not change.You can put pressure on it but it's volume will remain almost the same.

Gases own no shape or volume. Like a liquid it takes the shape of it's container and totally fills it.They can very easily expand or contract to fit the volume of a container.

5.3. The changes of any three states is called a change of state.Each has a specific term that describes it. Melting is the change from a solid to a liquid. Freezing is the change from a liquid to a solid. Condensation is the change from a gas to a liquid. Evaporation is the change from a liquid to a gas. Deposition is the change from a gas to a solid. Sublimation is the change from a solid to a gas.

6. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy that happens when warmer particles touch cooler particles.