User:Kaleighp/sandbox

Annotated bibliography:

1) Brotheridge, C., & Grandey, A. (2002). Emotional Labor and Burnout: Comparing Two Perspectives of “People Work”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(1), 17-39.

Most jobs that include any type of "people work" tend to be emotionally straining on an individual. Though it's a problem and people bring it up, it is not often studied. When do studied though, researchers and analysts look and job-focused emotional labor and employee-focused emotional labor. Emotional labor can be caused by many things and job-focused emotional labor focuses on work demands and how they effect the emotional expression. Contrary to job-focused in employee-focused, and that separate study looks more at the regulation of feelings and emotions. Many individuals struggle to keep it together when the place is stressful. This source is not as focused, it is more broad. I feel that it just gives a simple overview of emotional labor and that it can be job related but also personal related and the regulation of feelings.

2) Ashforth, B., & Humphrey, R. (1993). Emotional Labor In Service Roles: The Influence Of Identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88-115.

Emotional labor is the display of mostly negative emotions by service workers in the work place. It can be brought out as surface acting, deep acting, or the expression of genuine emotion. Emotional labor can be the result of expectations that one cannot meet, and task effectiveness on one's self expression. Though emotional labor tends to focus on the negatives in the work place, we must also focus on the individuals personal and social life, not always is it the work place causing negative expression, but their social life can impact it as well. Problems outside of work or at home can always impact how effective one works and how they treat others. I like this source a lot because i never thought of the idea that emotional labor can be caused because an individual did not meet expectations that they are supposed to. From the beginning i assumed that emotional labor was really just negative interactions between employees and bosses.

3) Martin, S. (1999). Police Force or Police Service? Gender and Emotional Labor. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561(1), 111-126.

One job that causes a lot of emotional labor is the police force. Police often have to deal with anger and violence that can have a negative impact on their personal expression and they have to learn how to have self control to put each job behind them to move forward for the rest of the citizens. It's a job that seems masculine and people look at them as tough guys, but the daily struggles and upset individuals they deal with everyday can have a negative effect on their emotions and often bring them down. On the contrary to masculine characteristics, their jobs also requires officers to maintain order and provide diverse services, which officers tend to disdain as feminine activities. It's a job where outside coping skills such as socialization, organizational rituals, humor, and off-duty social activities take their minds off the straining negative thoughts and turn them into happy times. This could be a useful source because it provides a specific example of a job that can have emotional strains and ways to deal with it in a positive way.

4) Diefendorff, J., & Gosserand, R. (2003). Understanding the emotional labor process: A control theory perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior J. Organiz. Behav., 24(8), 945-959.

Emotional labor is characterized as involving monitoring of emotional expressions and the reduction process. If negative emotion is displayed, one must learn how to have a self reduction process to better themselves. There are many strategies such as outside coping skills just like the police workforce to help guide the reduction process. Though emotional labor is often labeled as negative there are ways to turn bad expressions into positive ones. Some ways to do this are by talking to peers or even higher bosses on how to better yourself in the workplace and even how to tie in social life with work to create happier days. The term emotional labor can be very broad and this site helps twist the idea that emotional labor has the opportunity to become positive and not all emotions in the work place have to be negative. To turn things positive, happy coping skills outside of work are necessary and i feel that this idea is very important to stress that all emotional expressions aren't bad and everyone has a chance to be happy in the work place environment.

5) Robin, L. (1999). Emotional Labor in Service Work. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561(1), 81-95.

Emotional labor is crucial to healthy performance in a work place, the happier the workers, the better performance a company or business will have. Not only do employees have to have good relationship with each other or with higher bosses, but they must also have good relationships with clients or customers. There are many ways for upper level workers to help manage these situations which could include group trainings or evaluation meetings throughout the work period to see how everyone is doing. Bureaucratic controls are also extended beyond the inner work place to the management of customer behavior. If customers are acting out it can effect the personal expression of an individual. While workers and clients/customers try to balance their emotions with each other, problems with moral issues can evolve and cause continuing problems that must be settled before you can move forward in a business. Of course performance is often the top focus of businesses and to excel in performance you must have good, positive workers. I like this source a lot because it stresses the ideas of what positive emotions and positive reinforcement of good deeds creates a better business and keeps everything running smoothly.

Summary:

Overall i feel the main points of all 5 bibliography's is healthy coping skills outside of the workplace, ways to create positive performance, and the idea that emotional labor doesn't just have to be negative, it can be positive too. I also really liked the example of the police workforce because it puts in perspective some of the daily things that employees might encounter that can effect the emotional expressions. If we decided to add the example of the police workforce we could also find a few more examples of other types of workers.