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The Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG) was a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for providing analytical support regarding present and future weapons systems to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of Defense.

WSEG was formed on December 11, 1948, by Secretary of Defense James Forrestal in response to the lack of a high level analytical organization within the newly organized Department of Defense. WSEG was a joint military-civilian organization that reported directly to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of Defense. It dissolved in 1976 due to the Department of Defense's overlapping analytical and research programs, many of which absorbed WSEG projects and missions.

Mission
In the 1948 directive that established the organization, their missions was stated as "to provide rigorous, unprejudiced and independent analyses and evaluations of present and future weapons systems under probable future combat conditions--prepared by the ablest professional minds, military and civilian, and the most advanced analytical methods that can be brought to bear"

Early history (1948–1955)
The creation of the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group was authorized by Secretary of Defense James Forrestal in 1948 for the purpose of conducting analysis of present and future military systems, and presenting this analysis to the highest echelons of the Department of Defense. After extensive debate between advocates of the program, such as Dr. Vannevar Bush, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who felt the program would infringe their responsibility, a directive established WSEG was approved on December 11, 1948. It was placed directly under the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). WSEG's first director, General John E. Hull, was formerly the commanding general of United States Army Pacific. Philip M. Morse, a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was hired as the civilian Research director.

By Spring of 1949, WSEG began officially working. Director of WSEG General Hull met with members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff aimed at developing an initial program of studies. In April, several fields were determined to be critical. These include an evaluation of ground to air guided missiles, the military worth of offensive mining, defense of the United States against air attack, and evaluation of the success of a strategic air offensive against the Soviet Union. In August of that year, the first official list of studies that WSEG would conduct were approved by the JCS. This was seen as the first step towards the WSEG becoming a legitimate organization within the Department of Defense.

This first program kept the organization occupied for several years, focused on topics such as air defense, antisubmarine warfare, and new technologies. Many of these concerns were propelled by the growing soviet nuclear threat, and came at the request of the highest levels of the Department of Defense. During this time, the demands placed on WSEG were substantial, often greater than it could satisfy. It had difficulty attracting qualified civilian employees, and relied on personnel it could only utilize for short periods of time. In 1953, with the advent of the Eisenhower Administration (Of whom was one of the original supporters of WSEG), increased financial support for recruitment was approved. This allowed the organization to attract much needed civilian analysts, who could serve in roles much longer than their military counterparts.

Expansion and IDA (1955-1966)
In 1955, the decision was made to expand technical staff at WSEG and convert employment to a contractual agreement. In order to attract talent to this new contract system, DoD authorities contacted Dr. James R. Killian, Jr.. Killian would go on to form the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), who would provide the necessary contract support. The IDA would form a division known as the Weapons Systems Evaluation Division, where all civilian personnel would work out of.

With new talent, and under a new administration, from 1956-1966, WSEG undertook many new areas of research. These included supersonic aircraft, ballistic missiles, computers, advanced electronics, and nuclear weaponry. Over the course of the decade, over 104 reports were produced; 71 of which were for the Joint Chiefs of Staff. These included major strategic posture concerns, ground-breaking command and control work, major operational evaluations of electronic countermeasures and counter-countermeasures, and critical studies of missile reliability and accuracy, as well as a wide variety of studies of "limited war" or general purpose weapons systems and problems. WSEG would earn a reputation based on their exceptional objectivity, and freedom from political bias.

Through the 1960's, WSEG's role as the primary analytical support organization at the Joint Chiefs of Staff level had begun to be displaced. The growth of studies and analysis efforts under Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara had led to multiple agencies being formed. These included ARPA, and new divisions in the IDA. This would lead to considerable friction between the IDA, and WSEG, as their role became increasingly limited.

In 1964 WSEG moved headquarters out of the Pentagon into a new building, at 400 Army-Navy Drive in Arlington, Virginia. Limited operations continued within the Pentagon.