User:Kasaalan/sandbox/kyoto

Although a worldwide signed treaty Kyoto Protocol has also been criticized.

Criticism of Kyoto Protocol
Some argue the protocol does not go far enough to curb greenhouse emissions (Niue, The Cook Islands, and Nauru added notes to this effect when signing the protocol).

Some environmental economists have been critical of the Kyoto Protocol. Many see the costs of the Kyoto Protocol as outweighing the benefits, some believing the standards which Kyoto sets to be too optimistic, others seeing a highly inequitable and inefficient agreement which would do little to curb greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, some economists such as Gwyn Prins and Steve Rayner think that an entirely different approach needs to be followed than the approach suggested by the Kyoto Protocol.

Further, there is controversy surrounding the use of 1990 as a base year, as well as not using per capita emissions as a basis. Countries had different achievements in energy efficiency in 1990. For example, the former Soviet Union and eastern European countries did little to tackle the problem and their energy efficiency was at its worst level in 1990, the year just before their communist regimes fell. On the other hand, Japan, as a big importer of natural resources, had to improve its efficiency after the 1973 oil crisis and its emissions level in 1990 was better than most developed countries. However, such efforts were set aside, and the inactivity of the former Soviet Union was overlooked and could even generate big income due to the emission trade. There is an argument that the use of per capita emissions as a basis in the following Kyoto-type treaties can reduce the sense of inequality among developed and developing countries alike, as it can reveal inactivities and responsibilities among countries.

James Hansen's criticism
James Hansen, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies and eminent climate scientist, has claimed that the United Nations Climate Change Conference taking place at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, between December 7-18, 2009 (which includes the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 5th Meeting of the Parties (COP/MOP 5) to the Kyoto Protocol is a 'farce' and planned to boycott it because it was seeking a counter-productive agreement to limit emissions through an inefficient and indulgent “cap and trade” system. “They are selling indulgences there" Hansen states. ''"The developed nations want to continue basically business as usual so they are expected to purchase indulgences to give some small amount of money to developing countries. They do that in the form of offsets and adaptation funds.”'' Hansen prefers a progressive “carbon tax”, not the Kyoto Protocol “cap and trade” system; this tax would begin at the equivalent of about $1 per gallon of petrol and revenues would all be returned directly to the public as a dividend.

"'So, for example, in the Kyoto Protocol, that was very ineffective. Even the countries that took on supposedly the strongest requirements, like Japan for example—if you look at its actual emissions, its actual fossil fuel use, you see that their CO2 emissions actually increased even though they were supposed to decrease. Because their coal use increased and they used offsets to meet their objective. Offsets don’t help significantly. That’s why the approach that Copenhagen is using to specify goals for emission reductions and then to allow offsets to accomplish much of that reduction is really a fake. And that has to be exposed. Otherwise, just like in the Kyoto Protocol, we’ll realize 10 years later, oops, it really didn’t do much.' Ref: Nell Greenberg. Interview with James Hansen."

Hansen has stirred international interest (see for example Nature Reports Climate Change ) on an alternative to the "cap and trade" system in a recent book and an open letter to President Obama. Hansen argues for a progressive “carbon tax”. This tax would be placed at source on the oil, coal and gas industries and begin at the equivalent of about $1 per gallon of petrol; revenues would all be returned directly to members of the public as a dividend proportional to their carbon footprint.

Green organisations criticism
Rising Tide North America claims: "Emission limits do not include emissions by international aviation and shipping, but are in addition to the industrial gases, chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are dealt with under the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The benchmark 1990 emission levels were accepted by the Conference of the Parties of UNFCCC (decision 2/CP.3)"

James Hansen

 * Climate scientist James Hansen hopes summit will fail James Bone Times Online December 3, 2009
 * http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/12/nasa-climate-change-scientist-to-boycott-copenhagen-climate-summit.php Tree Hugger
 * http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/mar/18/nasa-climate-change-james-hansen The Guardian
 * http://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/Environment/article/285582 Toronto Star
 * http://www.ecofactory.com/news/top-nasa-climate-scientist-copenhagen-must-fail-120309
 * Hansen quotes over climate change at British scientific journal Nature (journal)
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0912/full/climate.2009.127.html nature.com
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0912/full/climate.2009.124.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0905/full/climate.2009.42.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0905/full/climate.2009.41.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0905/full/climate.2009.34.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0903/full/climate.2009.19.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0902/full/climate.2009.3.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2008/0812/full/climate.2008.122.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2008/0802/full/climate.2008.3.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2007/0709/full/climate.2007.41.html
 * http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0901/full/climate.2008.142.html

Rising Tide

 * Rising Tide http://scx.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/30/3/355.pdf SAGE Publications academic resource WP:RS
 * Rising Tide http://risingtide.org.uk/resources/factsheets/carbontrading fact sheet for quick overview of their objections
 * Rising Tide http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15793/1/John_Pace_Thesis.pdf academic thesis WP:RS
 * Rising Tide reviewed in academic thesis http://envstudies.brown.edu/theses/kellynicholsthesis.pdf
 * Rising Tide in http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/49703?show=full http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/49703/436283959.pdf?sequence=1 scholar WP:RS mentioning Rising Tide North America members for Carbon Capture and Storage protests "'Furthermore, Greenpeace Joined 38 smaller organizations in sending a letter to Congress asking that no taxpayer funds be used to develop CCS. Three of these organizations were also responsible for organizing a protest against coal outside the coal-burning Capitol Power Plant in Washington D.C. on March 2, 2009. Anti-coal advocates including Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Bill McKibben, and James Hansen joined the 2,500 protestors, making it the country's largest protest against coal power (Sheppard 2009). The 39 groups include: ActionPA, Alliance for Appalachia, Appalachian Voices, Black Mesa Water Coalition, California Communities Against Toxics, Canary Coalition, Cape & Islands Self-Reliance Corporation, Center for Coalfield Justice, Co-op America, Chesapeake Climate Action Network, Citizens Action Coalition of Indiana, Clean Power Now, Coal River Mountain Watch, Cook Inletkeeper, Energy Justice Network , Environmental Alliance of North Florida, Environmental Research Foundation (maybe Applied Environmental Research Foundation not sure), Friends of the Earth, Global Exchange, The Grand Canyon Trust (founded by Huey Johnson), Green Delaware, Greenpeace, Heartwood (not sure if it is Heartwood House or not), Help Our Polluted Environment, Indigenous Environmental Network   , Jefferson Action Group, Kentuckians for the Commonwealth, Meigs Citizen Action Now, Mountain Watershed Association, North Carolina Waste Awareness & Reduction Network , Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition, Palm Beach County Environmental Coalition, Protect Biodiversity in Public Forests, Rainforest Action Network, Residents Against the Power Plant,  Rising Tide North America , Save It Now, Glades!, Save Our Cumberland Mountains, Southern Energy Network, and Valley Watch. (Rainforest Network 2008).'" so we are talking about a big coalition of smaller environmentalist groups
 * PolicyLink http://policylink.info/documents/climatechange_final.pdf report section 4 criticizes taking only CO2 emmisions, links to Rising Tide
 * SinksWatch "an initiative of the World Rainforest Movement ... The aim of SinksWatch is to track and scrutinize carbon sequestration projects related to the Kyoto Protocol, and to highlight their threats to forests and other ecosystems, to forest peoples as well as to the climate." another group that opposes carbon trading http://www.sinkswatch.org/campaign/presentations http://www.sinkswatch.org/sites/fern.org/files/Montreal%202008%20-%20Why%20carbon%20offsets%20are%20a%20dangerous%20distraction_0.pdf http://www.sinkswatch.org/sites/fern.org/files/NYC%202008%20-%20climate%20change%20privatisation%20and%20power.pdf ...
 * So basically Rainforest Network and Stop Climate Chaos are coalitions of dozens of smaller environmentalist groups which should be taken seriously.

THE CASE AGAINST KYOTO

 * freedomion forums quotes from other sources
 * The case against carbon trading by Rising Tide Environmentalist Activism Group IMPORTANT SOURCE
 * Reports by Rising Tide
 * Fact Sheets by Rising Tide
 * Other Resources by Rising Tide
 * Quotes by Rising Tide
 * Carbon Sinks Workshop with Rising Tide by Jutta from Fern


 * Democracy or Carbocracy? Intellectual Corruption and the Future of the Climate Debate by Larry Lohmann first published October 2001 Corner House Briefing 24 summary PDF see also Emissions trading and Freeman Dyson
 * The Sky is Not the Limit The Emerging Market in Greenhouse Gases Carbon Trade Watch, TNI Briefing 1, January 2003 English PDF English PDF text-only


 * Top 10 'Global-Warming' Myths
 * Life After Kyoto: Alternative Approaches to Global Warming Policies by William D. Nordhaus Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University
 * Greenhouse-gas footprints and environmental activism by Mark Kleiman samefacts.org

Kyoto is not as it is advertised, mainly made up for establishing Carbon Stock Market worth billions of dollars


 * freedomion forums quotes from other sources
 * The case against carbon trading by Rising Tide Environmentalist Activism Group IMPORTANT SOURCE
 * Reports by Rising Tide
 * Fact Sheets by Rising Tide
 * Other Resources by Rising Tide
 * Quotes by Rising Tide
 * Carbon Sinks Workshopby Jutta from Fern
 * Democracy or Carbocracy? Intellectual Corruption and the Future of the Climate Debate by Larry Lohmann first published October 2001 summary PDF
 * The Sky is Not the Limit The Emerging Market in Greenhouse Gases Carbon Trade Watch, TNI Briefing 1, January 2003 English PDF English PDF text-only
 * Top 10 'Global-Warming' Myths
 * Life After Kyoto: Alternative Approaches to Global Warming Policies by William D. Nordhaus Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University
 * Greenhouse-gas footprints and environmental activism by Mark Kleiman samefacts.org


 * Reports by Rising Tide
 * Fact Sheets by Rising Tide
 * Other Resources by Rising Tide
 * Quotes by Rising Tide

Rising Tide
Rising Tide Kyoto Protocol


 * http://books.google.com/books?id=f1RprvuftvAC&pg=PA295&lpg=PA295&dq=%22rising+tide%22+kyoto&source=bl&ots=UfOicPC-rs&sig=D6s04lR5SnZP446jS6El2RO6EiM&hl=en&ei=Sp8OSr2PKtKksAbnwoH_Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=42 Environmental justice and environmentalism edited by By Ronald D. Sandler, Phaedra C. Pezzullo
 * http://www.greenleft.org.au/2001/461/25387
 * http://www.indypendent.org/2007/12/09/derailing-the-coal-trainnew-aussie-pm-signs-kyoto-still-embraces-fossil-fuels/
 * http://www.londonarc.org/the_spun/air_war.htm
 * http://www.aph.gov.au/SENATE/committee/economics_ctte/cprs_09/submissions/sub86.pdf
 * http://www.earthfirst.org.uk/actionreports/node/22069
 * http://www.networkforclimateaction.org.uk/toolkit/outreach_ideas/materials_for_talks_and_workshops/trapese_workshops_climate_change.pdf
 * http://www.garnautreview.org.au/CA25734E0016A131/WebObj/D0834223GeneralSubmission-AustralianClimateActionGroups-JointSubmission/$File/D08%2034223%20%20General%20Submission%20-%20Australian%20Climate%20Action%20Groups%20-%20Joint%20Submission.pdf
 * http://www.sustainability.com/aboutsustainability/newsandevents_article.asp?id=217
 * http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/02/_having_hit_the.php
 * http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/article_1610.jsp
 * http://www.globalresearch.ca/PrintArticle.php?articleId=3789
 * http://www.redd-monitor.org/2009/03/18/redd-is-an-anti-solution-says-rising-tide-north-america/
 * http://www.londonrisingtide.org.uk/node/29
 * http://www.foe.org.au/climate-justice/issues/implementation-of-the-kyoto-protocol
 * http://www.activistmagazine.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=237&Itemid=143
 * http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/under-weather-and-rising-tide-adapting-a-changing-climate-asia-and-pacific
 * http://www.peacenews.info/news/article/310


 * http://www.zmag.org/zmag/viewArticle/20445
 * http://sfep.abag.ca.gov/sfep-newsletter/1998_02/article_05.php
 * http://www.yesmagazine.org/article.asp?ID=2298
 * http://www.climateimc.org/da/taxonomy/term/6/0?page=28
 * http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/greenblog/2008/12/environmental_group_invades_en_1.html
 * http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-9829723-54.html?tag=mncol;title
 * http://www.wrm.org.uy/actors/CCC/index.html
 * http://www.carbontradewatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=163&Itemid=171
 * http://www.grist.org/article/nutty/
 * http://www.sundancechannel.com/sunfiltered/tag/ecology-project/
 * http://www.digitalpodcast.com/detail-Corporate_Watchdog_Media-3994.html
 * http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0812/S00136.htm
 * http://www.policylink.org/documents/climatechange_final.pdf
 * http://www.gmfreeireland.org/news/2008/nov.php
 * http://blogs.news.com.au/couriermail/andrewbolt/index.php/couriermail/comments/academic_shamed_caught_being_careful_with_warming_data/asc/P0
 * http://ecoanarchist.org/~asen/files/2008/12/climate.doc


 * http://www.risingtide.org.au/ruddcoalbali
 * http://www.garnautreview.org.au/CA25734E0016A131/WebObj/D0834223GeneralSubmission-AustralianClimateActionGroups-JointSubmission/$File/D08%2034223%20%20General%20Submission%20-%20Australian%20Climate%20Action%20Groups%20-%20Joint%20Submission.pdf Professor Ross Garnaut
 * http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2002/08/20/gdn.m1a.020822.022.pdf
 * http://www.newstatesman.com/200312010013 New Statesman George Marshall (conservationist) [maybe not] works with Rising Tide, a grass-roots network campaigning on climate change (www.risingtide.org.uk) Mark Lynas's book High Tide: news from a warming world will be published by Flamingo on 1 March
 * http://www.manchesterclimateforum.org.uk/solvingclimatechangebooklet.pdf


 * http://www.reapscotland.org.uk/reports/Handbook.pdf
 * http://www.dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1433076
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=apIwo9PxeX8C&pg=RA1-PA119&lpg=RA1-PA119&dq=%22risingtide%22+kyoto&source=bl&ots=ddOsvOkDGr&sig=FUhnQU8NqpftvpqXxHG9i0PlMJg&hl=en&ei=YcUOSp2OG9HGsgbE7fCRCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=88
 * http://www.law.usyd.edu.au/slr/slr29_4/Rose.pdf
 * http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull104/Bull104.pdf
 * http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/glep.2007.7.2.124?cookieSet=1&journalCode=glep
 * http://www.rabble.ca/babble/environmental-justice/%E2%80%9Cfalse-solutions%E2%80%9D-reading-room
 * http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1021647
 * http://www.socialist-alliance.org/resources/SA_climate_change_charter_withrefs.pdf
 * http://www.climatechange.gov.au/greenpaper/consultation/pubs/0387-locals-into-victorias-environment.pdf


 * http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119423172/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
 * http://www.tni.org/reports/ctw/sky.pdf
 * http://www.carta.org/campagne/genova+2001/articoli/10132
 * http://www.eco-world.de/service/news/archiv/4825/index.html
 * http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2008/12/414859.html
 * http://www.carbonweb.org/documents/utcw_newsletter06.pdf
 * http://www.ravagedigitaal.org/archiefnieuws2001/2001nwsfilm/1001nws.htm
 * http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Books/documents/2005/05/19/ethicalliving.pdf
 * http://www.digitalbristol.org/members/nsf/new_links.htm

Academic Sources Quoting From Rising Tide
Kyoto


 * http://scx.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/30/3/355.pdf
 * http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15793/2/02whole.pdf

Rising Tide Branches


 * http://www.risingtidehawaii.com/

kyoto non rising tide


 * http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_04_1_yandle.pdf
 * http://www.zephyrenv.com/currents_archive/2Q06_currents.pdf
 * http://shiftshapers.gnn.tv/blogs/30582/Forget_Kyoto_Shut_Down_Copenhagen
 * http://cspo.org/ourlibrary/articles/RisingTide.htm

mixed


 * http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1997/sci/tech/global_warming/32958.stm