User:Kat0025/Calcifibrospongiidae

Background
Calcifibrospongiidae is a family of sponges in the order Haplosclerida. The order Haplosclerida is distinguished by isodictyal skeleton (mesh shaped fibres). In general, Porifera are a basal animal with bodies full of pores and channels. Calcifibrospongiidae includes the species Calcifibrospongia actinostromarioides. There have only been ten recorded occurences of this species: in Hogsty Reef and San Salvador, as well as  in the subtropics of the Bahamas.

Description
Calcifibrospongiidae are sclerosponges, with a basal skeleton made out of calcium carbonate which encloses the sponge tissue. Scelorsponge skeletons are polyphyletic, causing this family to be classified because of its spicule skeleton. Sclerosponges are relict forms of sponges originated from Paleozoic groups. They have derived from two possible sources; the first being from the desmosponges during the Paleozoic and in recent ages diverged into several other groups or from lineages of desmosponges that came together through hypercalcificaiton.

The sponge is orange in color, hard, and posesses an encrusting plate. The sponge is described to be tannish-orange under water in ambient light and reddish orange at surface level. It is mushroom-shaped, with a smooth surface. It is covered in oscules which are regularly scattered to provide a means for water to pass through. Additionally, the organism’s spicules are siliceous strongyles and reticulate in shape. The siliceous strongyles are held together by spongin fibres and the calcareous skeleton sits around this structure. This skeleton supports the soft parts of the sponge.

Life History
Calcifibrospongiidae are hermaphroditic, meaning they contain both male and female reproductive organs. They reproduce sexually, whereby the spermatocysts escape from the sponge via the osculum. Sponges of the same species then capture the sperm and transport them to the eggs of the sponge via achaeocytes. Fertilization takes place in the mesenchyme of the sponge. They then produce zygotes that develop into free-swimming parenchymella larvae. These larvae then settle on substrate and grow into their adult sponge form.

The sponge is sciaphilous, which means it is tolerant of shade. To date, the shallowest specimen found was collected on a reef at Acklins Island in the Bahamas at a depth of 30m by W.M. Goldberg. It was described as large (60-90cm across and 30cm high). The largest specimen found was found 1.6km south of Lucaya, Grand Bahama at 77m in depth.

Calcifibrospongiidae feed through filter-feeding. They transfer nutrients that are suspended in the water surrounding them and filter out the nutrients they do not want. Poriferans feed on plankton and organic particles.

It has not been recorded whether or not Calcifibrospongiidae are able to move, although the larvae are motile.