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ABIDHAMMAR_PSYCHO          written  by  K.A.T        kyawaungtun@blumail.org Abidhammar and Psychology, the two subjects are associated into new subject which can solve any behavior of minds. Abidhammar,the subject which is revealed by Buddha  is  psycho and physical nature. Modern psychology is the study for the human behavior of mind. By association of above mentioned the two subjects ,we can understand any  behavior of mind. Under mentioned observations  are extracted  from  the  ABIDHAMMAR  but  justified  with  modern  PSYCHOLOGY  and  NEUROLOGY  in  natural  statement. In the  first  statement, justified  with  psychology  and  in  second  statement  justified  by  neurology. THE FIRST  STATEMENT In modern psychology ,when we study the mind ,the mind can not be seen ,therefore ,we study the behavior of mind. we need to know that what is the behavior of mind? BEHAVIORS OF  MIND	: The behaviors of mind are the way in thinking ,the way in association each other ,the  way in solution the any problems for a people. The behavior of mind is generated from learning. what is the learning? LEARNING      :  In the modern  psychology ,psychologists mean that the learning is generally regarded as that process which leads to new or changed responses in the individual. Thus the American psychologist Garrett has  defined  learning as the learning is process by which we organize our responses into new behaviors. STIMULI        :Our responses come from the stimuli. Among the stimuli ,only acceptable and pleasurable stimuli can  organize the responses into new behavior of mind. Unacceptable and displeasing stimuli reach opposite direction of stimuli. For example       :If  Mr.Smit is  stimulated by  the money ,Mr. Smith tries to get money.(direction of Mr.Smit is  money.). The money is acceptable and pleasurable stimulus. Again, if Mr.Smit is stimulated by the punishment, Mr.Smit  tries to avoid the punishment.(opposite direction of punishment).The  punishment is  unacceptable and displeasing stimuli. According to above mentioned observation, the acceptable and pleasurable stimuli direct to positive stimuli but unacceptable and displeasing stimuli direct to negative stimuli    (observation---1) learning Therefore, the	 is total stimuli organization but responses may be different---(observation-2)          According to the observation-2, in a family, in the same community, the behaviors of  people are not the same.(observation-3) MOTIVATION        :What is the motivation? The motivation is the activated reason by which the stimulus is the  either  accepted or  unaccepted. Explanation(1):Mr.Smit tries to get the money. In this sentence, Why does  Mr.Smit  try  to get  the money ? The answer of this question is the activated reason of Mr. Smith why to try  to get the money. The  activated reason is the money  which has the power  can buy everything that  Mr.Smit wants. Every money over  the  world  is  the  printed  papers  which  can  buy  everything. Therefore,            money  =printed paper (sense)  +the power  which  can  buy  every things          when  Mr.Smit  sees  the  money  , only  the  sight  or  vision  of  printed  paper  enters  the  eye  of  Mr. Smith to  his  brain  but  the  power  of  money ( can buy  every things)  is  excluded. Only printed  paper (money)  enters  the  eye  of  Mr.Smit   from  the  environment. The power  of  money (can  buy  every things)  comes  from  his  brain  and  motivates  the  printed  paper  which  come  from   the  environment. The response  appears  in  the  mind, when  the  entered  from  the  environment  to  the  brain  via  eye (receptor)  the  printed  paper (money  or  sense)  is  motivated  by  the  power  of  money  which  comes  from  the  brain. The appeared  response  reacts  toward  only  the  power  of  money  (motivation)  but  it  does  not  react  toward  the  printed  paper(money or sense)  which  comes  from  the  environment(stimulus). In this  statement, observations  are  concluded  as    (1) stimulus     : the  printed  paper (money or sense) is  stimulus. It comes  from  the  environment  to  the  brain  via  receptor(eye), (2)motivation       : the  power  of  money  is  motivation  which  comes  from  the  brain  and  motivates  the  stimulus  in  the  brain,        (3)response      : it  appears  in  the  mind, when  the  stimulus  is  motivated  or  stimulated  in  the  brain  by  the  motivation  which  comes  from  the  brain,   (4) the  response  reacts  only  motivation  but  it  does  not  react  the  stimulus  coming  from  the  environment  to  the  brain  via  receptor. Explanation(2)       :Mr.Smit  fears  the  disease. He protects  it  .In  these  sentences,  why  does  Mr. Smith fear  and  protect  the  disease? The answer  of  these  questions  is  the  activated  reason  of  Mr. Smith  why  he  fears  and  protects  the  disease. What is  the  disease? The disease  has  two  matters. One is  the  pronunciation(sense)  and  other  is  the  power  of  the  disease. Pronunciation(sense)    :every  nationality  or  race  has  his  own  pronunciation(language).The  disease    is  English  pronunciation(language).The  disease  which  is  pronounced  by  Burmese  or  Myanmar  is  “ yaw gar. ”Therefore, pronunciation(language)  of  disease  is  if  there  are  thousand  nationalities, there  are  thousand  pronunciations(languages)  but  the  power  of  disease  is  the  same. The power  of  disease     :WHEN  Mr.Smit  finds  a  diseased  person,  he  sees  that  (1)the  diseased  person  is  suffering  on  the  bed,  (2)the diseased  person  spends  a  lot  of  money  for  his  disease,(3)    the  diseased  person’s  income  stops, (4 )the  diseased  person’s  family  worry  for  him,  (5)the  diseased  person  may  be  killed  by  his  disease. These datas  are  the  power  of  disease. These datas  are  unacceptable  and  displeasurable  for  Mr.Smit. Therefore, Mr.Smit   fears  and  protects  the  disease. The fear  and  protection of  Mr. Smith is  the  opposite  direction  of  disease. Therefore,       the  disease=pronunciation(language) +the  power  of  disease. When Mr. Smith hears  the  sound (disease),in  the  mind  of  Mr. Smith, fear  and  protection  appear. The power  of  disease  is  motivation  produced  from  his  brain  and  motivates  the  stimulus(pronunciation  or  language)  of  disease  coming  from  environment  to  his  brain  via  his  ear  (receptor). The motivated  the  power  of  disease  is  unacceptable  and  displeasing. Therefore, the  bad  feeling  appears  in  the  mind  such  as  fear, sadness, worry, unhappy, and  so  on. Again by  opposite, if  pleasurable  motivation  being  produced  from  the  brain  stimulates  or  motivates  the  stimulus  coming  from  environment  in  brain,  the  good  feeling  appears  in  the  mind  such  as  happy, pleasure,  delight,  admiration,  so  on. The bad  feeling  and  the  good  feeling  can  control  or  evoke  the  response  generally  in  many  human  beings  and  animals. The bad  feeling  generally  collects  the  response  which  leads  toward  the  opposite  direction  of  stimuli. For example          ;Mr. Smith tells  Mr. June his  weak  points. Therefore, Mr. June hates  Mr. Smith. The hate  of   Mr. June to  Mr. Smith is response  of  Mr. June because  Mr. June suffers  Mr. Smith. If Mr. June hates  his  weak  points, Mr. June  reforms  his  weak points  but  Mr. June does  not  hate  Mr. Smith. In this  statement,  the  stimuli  are  two  kinds,  one  is  Mr. Smith, other is  the  weak points  of  Mr. June. The good  feeling  collects  the  response  which  leads  toward  the  positive  direction  of  stimuli. For example           : Mr. Smite likes  smoking  very  much. The pleasurable  feeling  appears   from  smoking  by  Mr. Smith. The pleasurable  feeling  makes   the  smoking  of  Mr. Smith. The smoking  is  very  dangerous effects  for  health  but  Mr. Smith  responds  the  smoking  because  of  the  pleasurable  feeling  of  smoking. If he  selects  the  effects  of  smoking ,he  gives  up  the  smoking  .In  this  statement, the  smoking  is  stimulus, the  pleasurable  feeling  is  the  motivation, the  effects  of  smoking  is  the  motivation. Therefore, the  response  reacts  the  motivation,  does  not  react  the  stimuli. The above  mentioned  statement  are  concluded  as  that  the  bad  feeling  and  the  good  feeling  can  control  or  evoke  the  response  generally  in  many  human  beings  and  animals. EXPLANATION (3)          :  Please,  bring  the  chair. Mr. Smith. He bring  the  chair  because  he  understands  the  words  “bring  and  chair.” Why  does  Mr. Smith understand the words  bring  and  chair? The words  bring  and  chair,  each  has  two  matters  which  are  stimulus  and  motivation     For the  word  “chair”, the  word  “chair "has  two  facts  one  is  pronunciation(language), other  is  the  sight  or  vision  of  the  chair.  When  Mr. Smith’s  ear  is  stimulated  by  the  pronunciation  or  language  of  chair,  it  enters  his  ear  to  his  brain.  In  his  brain, the  entered  pronunciation  of  chair  is  motivated  by  the  sight  of  chair  being  produced  from  the  brain  and  then  understanding  of  chair  appears  in  his  mind.                        When  Mr.  Smut’s  ear  is  stimulated  by  the  pronunciation (language)  of  chair, Stimulus                    :  pronunciation  of  chair  coming  from  environment to  brain via                                           ear(receptor), Motivation                :  sight  or  vision  of  chair  being  produced  from  the  brain   motivates stimulus in  The  brain , Response                 :understanding  appears  in  the  mind  after  motivation  had  stimulated or  motivated  the  stimulus  which  coming  from  the  environment  in                                           the  brain. When Mr. Smith’s  eye  is  stimulated  by sight  of  chair, Stimulus                 :sight  or  vision  of  chair  coming  from  the  environment  to  the  brain via Eye(receptor) Motivation              :pronunciation  of  chair  being  produced  from  the  brain  motivates  the Stimulus In  the  brain, Response                :understanding  appears  in  the  mind  after  motivation  had  motivated the  Stimulus  which  comes  from  the  environment  in  the  brain. In above  mentioned  statement,  the  stimulus  and  motivation  are  pair  of  set  for  response, learning  and  behavior. What is  the  pair  of  set  for  response  ,learning    and  behavior ? The answer  is  that  for  example,    (1) Mr. Smith  is  a  rich  man. (2) Mr. Smith is  a  doctor. (3) Mr. Smith is  bachelor. In these  sentences ,  Mr. Smith  and  rich  man,   Mr. Smith  and  doctor,   Mr. Smith  and  bachelor  are  pairs  of  stimulus  and  motivations. Mr. Smith is  stimulus,  a  rich  man,  a  doctor,  a  bachelor  are  motivations. These motivations  are  set  of  Mr. Smith  to  be  responded  by  other  peoples. For example,  When  Mr. Smith  is  seen  by  his  girl mates,  they  are  interested  him. Why are  they  interested  in  him? Rich man,  doctor,  bachelor  of  Mr. Smith  motivate  the  his  girl  mates. And then,  in  the  mind  of  his  girl  mates,  response of  interesting  appears. Again by  opposite,  if  Mr. Smith  is  poor, uneducated,  and  married,  no  girl  mates  are  interested  in  him  because  the  poor,  uneducated  and  married  motivate  them. Therefore, pair of  Mr. Smith  and  rich  man  or  Mr. Smith  and  poor  is  pair  of  set  for  response,  learning,  behavior  are  generated  by  making  the  pair  of  stimulus  and  motivation. The making  the  pair  of  stimulus  and  motivation  takes  the  place  in  the  brain. The pair  of  set  is  the  episodic  memories  relating  to  personal  events  (Mr. Smith  and  rich  man  or  Mr. Smith  and  poor  man  and  so  on)     and  related   emotion(girl  mates  of  Mr. Smith  are  interested  in  him)   and  spatial  navigation. What is  the  spatial  navigation? The spatial  navigation  is  that  when  a  stimulus  enters  the  receptor  to  the  brain,  motivation  evokes  from  the  brain. The system  is  called  the  spatial  navigation. The spatial  navigation  is  the  process  which  can  choose  the  stimulus  or  motivation  of  the   pair  being  made  in  the  brain  to  motivate  or  stimulate  or  associate  in  the  brain. Hippocampus is  found  to  be  associated  with  consolidation  of  episodic  memories  (pair  of  set  for  response,  learning  and  behavior)  and  spatial  navigation. SECOND STATEMENT HIPPOCAMPUS            the  spatial  navigation  and  episodic  memories  relating  to  personal  events  and   related  emotion  of  functions  of  functions  are  controlled  in  hippocampus. hippocampus is  one  of  major  brain  structures  that  is  part  of  limbic  system  .It  is  located  in  the  medial  temporal  lobe, beneath  the  cortex. The volume  of  hippocampus  is  around  3  to  3.5  cm3  in  adult  humans. The name  hippocampus  is  derived  from  the  Latin  name(hippocampus )  for  this  marine  creature. hippocampus is  a  paired  structure,                            with  two  identical  halves  that  are  located  on  the  left  and  right  sides  of  the  brain. It is  a  brain  part,  where  in  different  neuronal  structures  are  neatly  organized  in  the  layers. When hippocampus  is  damaged,  in  some  cases  of  amnesia,  it  affects  the  personal  ability  to  form  the  new  memories  and  the  person  may  also  fail  to  recollect  the  old  memories. The hippocampus  damage  may  not  affect  the  ability  to  learn  new  cognitive  skills. The spatial  navigation  is  lost. This is   substantiated  with  the  fact  that  people  with  weak  hippocampus  lack  spatial  memory  and  may  forget  about  where  they  have  been  or  where  to  go. This is  why, it  is  said  that  a  strong  and  intact  hippocampus  is  required  for  spatial  navigation  tasks. The spatial  navigation  is  derived  the  making  the  pair  of  stimulus  and  motivation  in  the  hippocampus  by  the  encoding  and  then  recall  but  stimulus  and  motivation  are  not  memorized  or  stored  or  kept  in  the  hippocampus. STIMULUS     :    (1)the  stimulus  such  as  sight  or  vision  coming  from  environment  to  the  brain  via  receptor  are  memorized  or  stored  in  the  visual  association  area  of  occipital  lobe. (2)the stimulus  such  as  sound  coming  from  the  environment  to  the  brain via  receptor  are  memorized	   or  stored  in  the  auditory  association  area  of  temporal  lobe. (3)the stimulus  such  as  movement(touch)  is  memorized  or  stored  in  the  motor  cortex  along  the  frontal  portion  of  the  fissure  Rolando. Above mentioned  areas  are  divided  into  two  layers. Upper layer  is  motor  cortex  which   is  grey  matter  and  under  layer  is  sensory  cortex  and  white  matter  of  cerebral  cortex. Motivation (1)             :  motivation  such  as  sight  or  vision  being  stored  in  visual  association  areas  of  occipital  lobe  are  evoked  or  recalled  by  hippocampus  which  make  up  pair  of  set  or  episodic  memories   to  motivate  or  stimulate  or  associate  in  frontal  association  areas.
 * motivation such  as  sound  being  stored  in  auditory  association  areas  of  temporal  lobe  are  evoked  or  recalled  by  hippocampus  which  make  up  pair  of  set  or  episodic  memories  to  motivate  or  stimulate  or  associate  in  the  association  areas.
 * motivation such  as  movement(touch)  being  stored  in  frontal  association  areas  of  frontal  lobe  are  evoked  or  recalled  by  hippocampus  which  make  up  pair  of  set  or  episodic  memories  to  motivate  or  stimulate  or  associate  in  the  association  areas.

FRONTAL ASSOCIATION AREAS Stimulus and  motivation  are  arranged  to  motivate  or  to  stimulate  or  to  associate  in  the  brain  where  is  the  frontal  association  areas  of  frontal  lobe  of  cerebrum. The functions  of  frontal  association  areas  are  (1)motor  activity  and  integration  of  muscles  activity,   (2)  speech,   (3)thought  process. (1)Motor activity  and  integration  of  muscles  activity      :These  are  responses  for  hands  moving,  feet  moving  and  body  moving  to  control  hand  work,  feet  work  such  as  driving  a  car,  riding  a  bicycle,  and  writing  a  letter  and  so  on. Explanation(1)                :   When  a  person  drives  a  car,  he  sees  the  vision  in front  of  car  and  controls  the  car  by  hands  and  feet  response. The driver’s  eyes  are  stimulated  by  the  vision  in  front  of  him. This vision  enters   the  driver’s  eyes  to  his  brain. IN the  brain,  where  is  frontal  association  area,  the  stimulus (the  vision  of  driver)  and  motivation  which  being  produced  from  the  motor  cortex  along  the  frontal  portion  of  the  fissure  of  Rolando  are  arranged  to  motivate  or  stimulate. And then,   after  motivation  in  the  brain,  response  such  as  controlling  a  car  appear  at  the  hands  and  feet. REMARK     : (1)stimulus  and  motivation  do  not  motivate  or  stimulate  in  the  frontal  association  area  of  cerebrum. This process  take  place  other  part  of  the  brain. The frontal  association  areas  arrange  to  motivate  or  stimulate  the  stimulus  and  motivation. (2)Hippocampal  regions  do  not  store  or  record  or  memorize  the  stimulus  and  motivation. These regions  make   a  pair  of  stimulus  and  motivation  by  encoding. (3) Stimulus such  as  vision,  sound,  smell,  taste,  and  touch  are  stored  or  recorded  or  memorized  in  the  concerned  association  areas. (2)  SPEECH     :  speech  is  response  by  language  or  pronunciation. IT is association  of  vision  being  produced  from  the  visual  association  area  of  occipital  lobe  of  cerebrum  and  sound  being  produced  from  the auditory  association  area  of  temporal  lobe  of  cerebrum. Above mentioned  vision  and  sound  are  stimulus  and  motivation. When vision  is  stimulus,  sound  is  the  motivation. When the  sound   is  stimulus,  the  vision  is  motivation. When the  stimulus  is  produced  from the  brain,  this  stimulus  can  be  denoted  as  mental  stimulus. When the  stimulus  comes  from  environment  to  brain  via  receptor,   this  stimulus  can  be  denoted  as  environmental  stimulus. The motivations  are  always  produced  from  the  brain. The mental  stimulus  and  motivation  are  arranged  in  the  frontal  association  area  of  frontal  lobe  of  cerebrum  to  motivate  or  stimulate  or  associate  in  other  part  of  the  brain. And then,  in  other  part  of  brain,  mental  stimulus  and  motivation  associate  or  stimulate  or  motivate  each  other,   then  response  appear  as  speech. (3) THOUGHT  PROCESS               :  Thought  process  is  silently  speak  alone. A person  can  not  thinks  without  silent  speak. Thought is  made  up  sound  and  vision. THE  sound  is  stored  or  recorded  or  memorized  in  the  auditory  association  areas  of  temporal  lobe  and  the  vision  is  stored  or  recorded  or  memorized  in  the  visual  association  areas  of  occipital  lobe. When a  person  is  thinking,  hippocampus  makes  the  spatial  navigation  of  the  paired  sound  and  vision (sound  being  stored  in  the  auditory  association  areas  and  vision  being  stored  in  the  visual  association  areas). Frontal association  areas  arrange  the  sound  and  the  vision  to  motivate  to  stimulate  or  to  associate  in  other  part  of  brain. In other  part  of   brain,  arranged  by  frontal  association  area  the  sound  and  the  vision  are  associated  and  then  silent  speak  appear  as  thought  process. Remark      :  There  are  two  Broca’s  areas  in  the  frontal  lobe  such  as  Brodman  area  44  and  45. In them  one  is  for  vocal  speak  and  other  is  silent  speak  as  thought  process. Pronunciation or language Original nature of pronunciation(language) has  no  meaning. language is  made  up  by  sound  and  vision,  sound  and  taste,  sound  and  smell,  sound  and  sound,  sound  and  touch(movement). When the  vision  enters  the  eye  to  brain,   auditory  association  area  produces  the  sound  being  stored  in  them  and  motivates  or  stimulates  or  associates  the  environmental   vision  in  the  brain. Understanding the  meaning  appears  in  the  mind. When visual  association  areas  are  destroyed,  the  person  can  not  understand  the  language  such  as  “visual  agnosia”  disease. In agnostic  alexia(word  blindness)  disease,  the  person  can  not  read  because  he  is  unable  identify  the  letters  and  words  but  he  retain  the  ability  to  write  and  his  speech  is  normal. Why can  the  person  write  and  speak? Why can  not  the  person  read  the  letters  and  words? EXPLANATION          :When  a  person  begins  to  learn  English  alphabets  such  as  A.B.C.                Reading        :  The  person  to  read  A.B.C.  he  uses  vision  and  sound (pronunciation). The sound  and  vision    are  made  up  the  pair  in  the  hippocampus  and  record  in  visual  association  areas  for  vision  and  auditory  association  areas  for  sound. Writing          :  The  person  to  write  A. B. C, (1)  he  use  sound  and  hand  moving  (2)  vision  and  hand  moving. (1) the  sound  and  hand  moving  are  made  up    the  pair  in  the  hippocampus  and  are  recorded  in  the  auditory  association  area  for  sound  and  hand  moving  is  Recorded  in  the  cortex  of  along  the  frontal   portion  of  fissure  of  Rolando  in  parietal  lobe. When the  visual  association  areas  destroy  but  hippocampus   and   auditory  association  areas  are  intact,  (1)reading  is  lost  because  reading  is  made  up  by  vision  and  sound  of  pair. (2) writing  is  remaining  because  writing  is  made  up  by  sound  and  hand  moving  of  pair.(3)  speech (recite)  is  remaining  because  speech(recite)  is  made  up  by  sound  and  hand  moving  of  pair. Remark   (1) When   the  sound  being  stored  in  the  auditory  association  areas  is  produced,  it  does  not  go  to  ear  but  it  go  to  larynx. Therefore,  when  we  are  thinking,  silent  speech  is  appearing  from  the  larynx. Only some  psychopaths  can  hear  the  sound  which  being  produced  from  the  auditory  association  areas. Therefore, these  psychopaths  hear  the  sound  without  no  one  speak. (2)The visions  or  sights  which  being  produced  from  the  visual  association  areas  are  unknown  sense  or  unconscious  sense  but  this  unconscious  sense  motivates  or  stimulates   or  associates  the  sound. This sound  appears  the  meaning  in  the  mind. The vision  being  produced   from  visaul  association  areas  can  not  be  seen  but  some  psychopaths  can  see  it  without  in  front  of  them. It also  can  be  seen  in  the  dream  by  the  peoples. In the  dream,  your  eyes  are  in  R. E. M  stage (rapid  eye  movement). Step by  step  motivation We need  the  step  by  step  motivation  to  understand  the  stimulus  coming  from  the  environment. We need  at  least  four  steps  motivations  to  understand  the  environmental  stimulus. The first  two  steps  are  receiving  and  purifying  the  stimulus. The second  two  steps  are  motivated  by  its’  old  stimulus  being  produced  from  the  concerned  association  areas  and  paired  motivation  from  concerned  association  areas. Explanation          :When  we  read  a  letter,  the  words  in  the  sentence  from  the  letter which  stimulate  our  eyes. In the  first  step      :environmental  stimulus  are  words  that  we  receive  are  mixed  with  former  sense  in  the  concerned  part  of  frontal  association  area.
 * In the  second  step    :  the  mixed  words  with  former  stimulus  in  the  concerned  part  of  frontal  association  area  is  purified  by  motivation  being  stored  in  visual  association  area.    That  motivation  is  that  coming  from  the  environment   while  it  was entering  into  brain,  it  was  stored  in  the  visual  association  area  in  the  first  step.

In the  third  step           :  stimulus  is  words   which  had  being  purified  in  the  concerned  part  of  frontal  association  area  and  motivation  is  old  words  being  produced  from  the  visual   association  area  are  arranged  in  the  concerned  part  of  frontal  association  area  to  motivate  or  to  stimulate  or  to  associate  each  other  in  other  part  of  brain  and  then  recognition  of  words  in  the  sentence  from  the  letter  appear  in  the  mind. In the  fourth  step          :  stimulus  is  previous  old  words  which  being  produced  from  the  visual  association  area  and  motivation  is the  sound  being  produced  from  the  auditory  association  area,  both  are  pair  and  they  are  arranged   in  frontal  association  area  to  motivate   or  to  stimulate  or  to  associate  each  other  in  other  part  of  brain  and  understanding  the  sound  appear  in  the  mind. We need  at  least  four  steps  to  understand  the  letter,  vision,  and  other  senses. AT HERE  PART  ONE  IS  ENDED CONCLUSION           :  Except  frontal  association  areas,   the  remained  association  areas  are  to  store,  or  to  record  the  senses  as  memories  from  the  environment. -	 The frontal  association  areas  arrange  the  stimulus  and  motivation  to  motivate  or  to  stimulate  or  to  associate  in  other  part  of  brain. -	Hippocampus make  up  pair  of  stimuli  and  motivation  and  take  the  spatial  navigation. -	                   Above  mentioned  the  three  areas  and  their  functions  are  source  of  response. In this  statement,  nature  of  response,  nature  of  stimuli  and  nature  of  motivation  were  shown  and  explained  by  facts  or  datas  being  extracted  from  THE  BUDDHIST  ABIDHAMMAR  but  these  explanations  are  not  complete  because  to  appear  a  mind  which  need  receptor,  effectors,  sensory  neurons,  motor  neurons,  spinal  cord  brain  stem,  thalamus,  basal  ganglia,  cerebellum,  hypothalamus,  amygdale,  hippocampus,  and  cerebrum  besides  that  nerve  impulse  or  action  potential  that  is  called  in  ABIDHAMMAR,    ARYATANA.THE  ARYATANA  is  very  important  matter  in  ABIDHAMMAR.

ARYATANA          :  What  is  ARYATANA ? ARYATANA  means  that  (1)  it  produces  various  genes  which  can  take  new  life  after  death,  there  are  two  kinds  of  ARYATANAS ,  they  are  OUTER   ARYATANA   and    INNER  ARYATANA. What is  OUTER  ARYATANA ? The current  which  can  carry  information  from  the  receptors  to  the  brain. What is  INNER   ARYATANA ? The  current  which  can  carry  processed  information  from  the  brain  to  effectors. OUTER ARYATANA  and  INNER  ARYATANA  have  nature  of  electrical  charge  but  they  are  not  able  to  mean  electric  because  when  we  use  electric  which  can  not  produce  mental  power. When the  two  ARYATANA  meet  separately  with  intermediary,  (1)  mental  power  and  signs  of  mental  natures  appear,  (2)  formation  ability  appear. The mental  power  and  signs  of  mental  nature  are  psychical  power  and  formation  power  is  physical  power. OUTER ARYATANA  has  nature  of  negative  charge  and  INNER  ARYATANA  has  nature  of  positive  charge. Therefore, they  can  not  meet  directly  but  they  can  meet  with  intermediary. When they  meet  indirectly,  psychical  power  and  physical  power  appear. Due to  formation  ability,  (1)    D.N.A  replication  in  a  cell  appears,   (2)  metabolism  in  a  cell  appear,  (3)  releasing  energy  by  A.T.P  is  split  into  A.D.P  and  A.M.P.  in  mitochondria  of  a  cell,  and  (4)  new  ARYATANA  is  produced  in  a  cell. The new  ARYATANA  become  genes  which  take  new  life  after  death. Kinds of  new  ARYATANA  production  are  governed  or  controlled  by  mental  power  and  signs  of  mental  nature. OUTER ARYATANA  GROUP  CONTAIN  FOLLOWINGS Outter ARYATANA        +           vision    =         visual  sensory  impulse Outer ARYATANA          +         sound    =         auditory  sensory  impulse Outer  ARYATANA         +         smell      =        olfactory   sensory  impulse Outer   ARYATANA         +         taste       =        tasty   sensory  impulse Outer ARYATANA          +            touch   =       body  sensory  impulse *     Outer    ARYATANA           +    mental  stimuli  =  mental  sensory  impulse * Mental  stimuli    =Stimuli  being  stored  in  the  brain  reproduced  from  the  brain  such  as  vision,  sound,   smell,  taste,  and  touch. They go  to  brain  from  the  receptors  though  sensory  neurons. INNER ARYATANA  GROUP  CONTAIN  FOLLOWINGS Inner ARYATANA       +    processed  vision   =   visual  motor  impulse Inner ARYATANA         +   processed  sound  =   auditory  motor  impulse Inner ARYATANA        +   processed  smell   =   olfactory  motor  Impulse Inner ARYATANA        +   processed  taste     =    taste  motor  impulse Inner ARYATANA        +   processed  touch     =   body  motor  impulse Inner ARYATANA         +  processed  mental  stimuli    =  mental  motor  impulse They come  from  the  brain  to  effectors  through  the  motor  neurons. Findings of  science  and  BUDDHIST  ABIDHAMMAR  are  the  same  but  some  opinions  of  science  and  BUDDHIST  ABIDHAMMAR  are  different. The findings  of  science  are  complete  to  explain  from  the  occurrence  of  mental  power,  sign  of  mental  nature  and  formation  ability  to  the  occurrence  of  various  genes  which  can  take  new  life  after  death. According to  nature  of  electric,  only  positive  charge  cannot  work  alone. They cannot  meet  or  attach  together  but  they  can  meet  indirectly  with  intermediary  and  they  can  work  together. In peripheral  system,  action  potential  or  nerve  impulse  are positive charge and negative charge. Therefore, sensory nerve ending and motor nerve ending in the peripheral system are connected by intermediary. In body, connective tissue are between sensory nerve ending and motor nerve ending. Therefore, connective tissue are intermediary. In ear, labyrinth in inner ear, is filled with endolynph fluid which is between the vestibular nerve ending and cochlear nerve ending. Endolynph fluid is intermediary of vestibular nerve ending and cochlear nerve ending. Both vestibular  nerve  ending  and  cochlear  nerve  ending  are  impossible  to  receptors. Both are  impossible  to  either  only  negative  charge  or  only  positive  charge,  because  according  to  nature  of  electric,  can  not  work  hearing,  can  not  work  D.N.A  replication,  can  not  work  metabolism,  can  not  work  releasing  energy  and  can  not  produce  new  ARYATANA  which  can  take  the  new  life  after  death. If there  is  no  cause,  D.N.A  replication,  metabolism,  releasing  energy  and  new  ARYATANA  are  impossible  to  occur  in  a  cell  besides  that  mental  power  and  sing  of  mental  nature  are  impossible  to  occur. They occur  due  to  OUTER  ARYATANA  and  INNER  ARYATANA (action  potential  or  nerve  impulse). Therefore, cochlear  nerve  ending  may  be  receptor  and  vestibular  nerve  ending  may  be   effectors  and  endolymphic  fluid  is  intermediary. Rod cells  and  cone  cells                                                              retina  of  eye In eye,  in  the  retina  of  eyes,  there  are  rod  cells  and  cone  cells  in  the  retina. Retinal detachment  is  fluid  from  vitreous  cavity  of  eye  ball  to  accumulate  under  the  retina  of  outer  pigmented  layer  and  retina  of  inner  nervous  layer. Therefore, rod  cells  and  cone  cells  are  in  fluid  of  retinal  detachment. Therefore, between  the  rod  cells  and  cone  cells,  fluid  of  retinal  detachment  is  intermediary. Therefore, one  kind  of  rod  cells  are  receptors,   other  kind  of  cone  cells  are  effectors. Fluid of  retinal  detachment  is  intermediary. Olfactory       epithelium IN NOSE,  in  the   olfactory  epithelium  of  nose,  olfactory  cells  may  be  receptors  and  effectors. If olfactory  cells  are  only  receptors,  the  nose  can  not  smells  dour. The mental  power  occur,  when  OUTER  ARYATANA (negative  charge)  and  INNER  ARYATANA(positive  charge)  meet  with  intermediary. Therefore, If  there  are  no  receptors  and  effectors  in  the  olfactory  epithelium,   it  is  impossible  to  smell  the  odour. Therefore, olfactory  cells  may  be  receptors  and  effectors. Sustentacular cells  are in intermediary. l               On  tongue,            taste  buds  are  sensory  organs  which  receive   taste  and  send  to  the  brain. In the  buds,  gustatory  cells  are  receptors  and  effectors. Sustentacular cells  are  intermediary. If only  receptors  are  in  the  taste  buds,  the  mental  power  to  taste  does  not  occur. Mental power  to  taste  occur  due  to  OUTER  ARYATANA(negative  charge)  in  the  receptor  and  INNER  ARYATANA(positive  charge)in  the  effectors. According to  nature  of  ABIDHAMMAR,  receptor  and  effectors  are  in  every  sensory  organ. Receptor receives  the  message  in  the  current  which  is  OUTER  ARYATANA(nature  of  negative  charge)  and  send  to  brain. Effector receive  the processed message  in the  current  which  is  INNER  ARYATANA(nature  of  positive  charge)  from  the  brain. When OUTER  ARYATANA  and  INNER  ARYATANA  meet  in  brain  or  in  peripheral  organ  with  intermediary,   mental  power  appears  the  effector  of  brain  and   signs  of  mental  nature  appear  in  the  effectors  of  peripheral  organs. CENTRAL RECEPTOR  AND  CENTRAL  EFFECTOR Location of  basal ganglia                                          parts  of  basal ganglia Central receptor  and  central  effectors  are  in  the  brain  according  to  BUDDHIST  ABIDHAMMAR. Central receptor           :Central  receptor  is  THALAMUS  which  receives  the  messages  coming  from  the  receptors  of  peripheral  organs  via  brain  stem  and  message  coming  from  the  parts  of  cerebrum  via  brain  stem. All sensory   messages  are  nature  of  negative  charge  and  stimulate  or  motivate  the  globus  pallidus  interna (Gpe)  in  the  basal  ganglia. Central effector          :   The  central  effectors  are  in  the  basal  ganglia. They are  globus Pallidus interna (Gpi)  and  globus  pallidus  externa (Gpe). They store  INNER  ARYATANA (nature  of  positive  charg ). (Gpe) is  stimulated  by  the  message  in  caudate  and  putamen  which  come  from  parts  of  cerebrum. These messages  are  nature  of  negative  charge. (Gpi) is  stimulated  by  the  messages  in  the  thalamus  are  nature  of  negative  charge. (Gpi) and  thalamus  are  connected  by  intermediate  neurons. (Gpe) and  caudate,putamen  are  connected  by  intermediate  neurons. Substantia nigra  pars  compacta  (SNc)  and  substantia  nigra  pars  reticulata  (SNr)  supply  and  adjust  OUTER  ARYATANA  (nature  of  negative  charge)  to  and  from  caudate  and  putamen. Subthalamus nucleus (STN)  supply  and  adjust  the  INNER  ARYATANA (nature  of  positive  charge)  to  and  from  the  (Gpe)  and  (Gpi). When INNER  ARYATANA (nature  of  positive  charge)  in  the  (Gpi)  is  stimulated  by  the  messages  in  thalamus (nature  of  negative  charge),        mental  power   appear  in  the  current  of  INNER  ARYATANA(positive  charge)  of  (Gpi)  and  carry  the  message  to  the  effector  of  peripheral  organ  and  signs  of  mental  nature  appear  in  the  current  of  INNER  ARYATANA(positive  charge)  of  peripheral  effector  of  organ. When INNER  ARYATANA (nature  of  positive  charge)  in(Gpe)  is  stimulated  by  the  messages  in  the  caudate  and  putamen  (nature  of  positive  charge),      mental  power  appear  in  the  current  of  INNER  ARYATANA(positive  charge)  of  (Gpe)  and  carry  the  messages  to  the  effectors  of  peripheral  organs  and  signs  of  mental  nature  appear  in  the  current  of  INNER  ARYATANA (positive  charge)  of  peripheraleffectors  of  organs. ( 1)Mental power  (mind)  in  (Gpi)  is  principal  mind. (2)Mental power (mind)  in  (Gpe)  is  ordinary  mind. What are the  principal  mind  and  ordinary  mind? Answer          :    While  you  are  reading  a  letter,  you  are  hearing  the  sounds  from  the  surrounding,   you  are  getting  smell  from  surrounding  and  you  are  knowing  that  you  are  sitting  on  the  chair. In this  events,         (1)the  mind  that  you  are  reading  a  letter  is  the  principal  mind. IT is  occurring  in  the  (Gpi)  being  stimulated  by  message  in  thalamus. (2) the  mind  that  you  are  hearing  the  sounds  from  surrounding  is  ordinary  mind. It is  occurring  in  (Gpe)  being  stimulated  by  message  in  the  caudate  and  putamen. (3) The  mind  that  you  are  getting  smell  from  the  surrounding  is  ordinary  mind. It is  occurring  in  (Gpe)  being  stimulated  by  the  message  in  caudate  and  putamen. (4) The  mind  that  you  are  knowing  that  you  are  sitting  on  a  chair  is  ordinary  mind. It is  occurring  in  the  (Gpe)  being  stimulated  by  the  messages  in  caudate  and  putamen. Therefore, principal  mind  occurs  in  (Gpi)  and  ordinary  minds  occur  in  the  (Gpe). They occur  simultaneously  in  the  different  areas  of  (Gpi)  and  (Gpe). Only principal  mind  record  or  store  the  memory  in  the  concerned  association  area  of  cerebrum. Motivation and  making  the  pair  of  set  occur  in  the  principal  mind. Ordinary minds  not  only  can  not  record  or  store  the  memory  but  also  can  not  make  the  pair  of  set  and  motivation. In BUDDHISH  ABIDHAMMAR,  there  are  two  parts,  one  is  The  speech  of  BUDDHA  and  another  is  explanation  of  ABIDHAMMAR  being  written  by  the  teachers  of  sangars. The explanation  of  ABIDHAMMAR  has  been being  appeared  since  over  one  thousand  years  ago. This explanation  of  ABIDHAMMAR  has  been  being  used  till  today. This current  explanation  of  ABIDHAMMAR  can  not  explain  scientifically  mind  and  body. This ABIDHAMMAR_PSYCHO  is  different  from  current  explanation  of  ABIDHAMMAR. In this  ABIDHAMMAR_PSYCHO,   ABIDHAMMAR  PALI(words)  are  excluded  because  BUDDHIST  ABIDHAMMAR   is  learnt  a little  over  the  world. Datas or  facts  of  ABIDHAMMAR_PSYCHO  are  extracted  from  original  speech  of  BUDDHA  but  they  are  not  extracted  from  the  current  explanation  of  ABIDHAMMAR. IF it  would  be  reasonable  to  write  on,   I  will  write  on  the  part  two. K.A.T                                                                 kyawaungtun@blkmail.org MR. Kyaw Aung  Tun,   No.  223(A),   19th  street  of   Migathi   road, 12th  block,     South   Aokkalapa    Town  ship,  Yan  gon  City,  Union  of   Myan  mar.