User:Kateryna Zhmurko/Ivan Karpenko-Karyi

Ivan Karpenko-Karyi (real name - Tobilevich; 17 [29] September 1845, Arsenivka village, Bobrynetsky district of Kherson province, now Novomirgorod district, Kirovohrad region - September 2 [15] 1907, Berlin) a dramaturg, an actor, an erudite, one of the luminaries of Ukrainian domestic theater.

The brother of Mykola Sadovsky, Panas Saksagansk y and Maria Sadovsky-Barilotti.

Biography
The real name is Ivan Tobilevich (his alias Karpenko-Karyi combines the name of his father and favorite literary character Hnat Karyi - the hero of T. Shevchenko's play "Nazar Stodolya"). He was born in a family of the impoverished petty nobleman Karp Tobilevich, the steward of the landlord's estate.

He studied at Bobrynets County School, since 1859 he worked as a clerk of the bailiff in the town of Mala Vyska, and later as a chancellor of the city government.

1864 - served on the county court.

In 1865 he moved to Yelisavetgrad, where he worked as the head of the county police department, participated in amateur performances of O. Tarkovsky, published literary and critical articles, became a member of the illegal folk group of Opanas Mikhalevich.

In 1870 he married Nadiya Tarkovskaya, the aunt of the poet and journalist of the Yelisavetgrad, Arseniy Tarkovsky (her great-nephew - the famous Russian film director Andrey Tarkovsky). As a dowry received the family farm Tarkovsky. Nadiya Karlovna bore him seven children.

1881 he lost his wife Nadiya, the next year, his daughter Galina died.

In 1883, in the Rada almanac, he published the story The Rookie, signed by the pseudonym Gnat Kary. He was fired from his post as police secretary due to his insecurity. He entered the theatrical troupe of M. Staritsky.

In 1883 he married Sophia Ditkovskaya, a chorister of M. Starytsky's troupe.

In 1884 he was arrested and sent to Novocherkassk. He worked as a blacksmith and later opened a bookstore. In exile he wrote his first drama "Shepherd" ("Burlak"), as well as the plays "Bondarivna", "Clever and fool", "Handmaid", "Taleless".

In 1886–1887 he published the plays “Bondarivna”, “Clever and fool”, “Handmaid”, “Taleless”, “Martin Borulya”. 1886 The first "Collection of dramatic works" by I. Karpenko-Karyi was published in Kherson.

In 1887, having obtained his release, he returned with his wife Sophia to Ukraine and settled on a farm named after the first wife of Nadiya (in Elisavetgrad district). Today, the village is a historical and cultural reserve.

In 1888, public voice surveillance was removed from I. Karpenko-Karyi. He joined the troupe of his brother Mykola Sadovsky, later - the troupe of another brother, Panas Saksagansky.

In 1890 he joined the association of Ukrainian artists, wrote the comedy "One Hundred Thousand".

1900-1904 I. Karpenko-Karyi created his own troupe, wrote plays "The Master", "Vanity", "Sea of Life".

In 1906 he fell ill, left the stage and went to Berlin for treatment. On September 2 (15), 1907, Karpenko-Kariy died after a serious illness (liver and spleen cancer) in Berlin, where he went for treatment; he was buried in the farm of Nadiya.

Playwriting
In the artistic conception of the social processes of his day, being of man and world in general, I. Tobilevich (Karpenko-Karyi) fully realized himself in the genre of comedy, which, due to the peculiar individual creative style of the playwright, became a unique phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian culture and the most famous character.. His "Martin Borulya", "One Hundred Thousand", "The Master" is a classic of world dramaturgy [citation needed] [citation needed] and an unsurpassed model [citation needed] [citation needed] for the next generations of comedians.

It was Ivan Karpenko-Karyi who confirmed the comedy genre in Ukrainian literature as a canonical universal form of artistic image and modeling of various manifestations of relations between people and organization of their inner world in the system of coordinates of universal values.

A significant step in the plays of Karpenko-Kariy's psychological plays, as compared to his predecessors, was the overcoming of populist ethnography and the melodramatic-operetta form of material submission.

Plays
In total I. Karpenko-Kariy wrote 18 plays:


 * Burlak (1883)
 * Taleless (1884)
 * Bondarivna (1884)
 * Clever and fool (1885)
 * Handmaid(1885)
 * Martin Borulya (1886)
 * Money (1889)
 * One Hundred Thousand (1889)
 * The Father's Tale (1892)
 * XVIII Century Palivoda (1893)
 * The evil spark of the field will burn and disappear itself (1895)
 * Above the Dnieper (1897)
 * Chumaki (1897)
 * Sawa Chali (1899)
 * The Master (1900)
 * Gandja (1902)
 * Vanity (1903)
 * Sea of Life (1904)

Film adaptations
There were a lot of plays that were screened:


 * Martin Borulya (1953, directed by O. Schwachko),
 * Handmaid (1964, directed by I. Molostov, V. Lapoknis),
 * One Hundred Thousand (1957, directed by V. Ivanov),
 * The Master (1976, directed by Yu. Nekrasov, A. Ripko)
 * Sea of Life (1983, directed by Alla Babenko, Vasily Wind)

Remembrance
The National University of Theater, Film and Television named after Ivan Karpenko-Kary was named after Ivan Tobilevich.

Literature

 * Іван Карпенко-Карий. Історія української літератури: У 2 т. — Т. 1. — К., 1987.
 * Галабутська Г. Життєві і творчі обрії Карпенка-Карого // Дивослово. — 1995. — № 12.
 * Карпенко-Карий Іван. Твори в 3-х томах. — К. : Державне вид-во художньої літератури, 1960–1961.
 * Мороз Л. Іван Карпенко-Карий. Історія української літератури: XIX ст. Кн. 3. — К., 1997.
 * Гордість української драматургії: Про творчість Карпенка-Карого // Статті про літературу / М. Т. Рильський. — К., 1980.
 * Наукові записки КДПУ ім. В. Винниченка. Випуск XXVII. Серія: філологічні науки (літературознавство). — Кіровоград: РВЦ КДПУ ім. В. Винниченка, 2000. — 380 с. — С. 52–61.
 * Іван Карпенко-Карий. Вибрані п'єси // Шкільна бібліотека. — К. : Дніпро, 1970.
 * Новиков А. Український театр і  драматургія: від найдавніших часів до початку ХХ ст. : монографія / Анатолій Олександрович Новиков. — Харків: Харківське історико-філологічне товариство, 2015. — 412 с.
 * Смоленчук М. К. Хутір Надія : держ. заповідник, садиба-музей І. К. Карпенка-Карого (Тобілевича) : нарис / М. Смоленчук. — Дніпропетровськ : Промінь, 1967. — 21 с. : 6 л. іл.
 * Тобілевич С. В. Життя Івана Тобілевича (Карпенка-Карого) / С. В. Тобілевич. – Київ : Мистецтво, 1945. – 283 с.
 * Піскун Ів. Драматургія Тобілевича / Ів. Піскун. – Київ : Центр. дім нар. творчості УРСР, 1941. – 41 с.
 * Тобілевич І. Драми і комедії. Т. 1 / Іван Тобілевич (Карпенко-Карий) ; з портр. авт. й передм. С. Єфремова. – Київ : ВІК, 1910. – 352 с.
 * Карпенко-Карий І. К. Вибрані твори / І. Карпенко-Карий (Тобілевич) – Київ : Держ. літ. вид-во, 1936. – 559 с.
 * Збірник драматичних творів Івана Карпенка-Карого. – Херсон : Тип. М. К. Аспера, 1886. – 140 с.
 * Тобілевич І. Твори. Т. 1 / Іван Тобілевич (Карпенко-Карий) ; ред. Я. Мамонтова ; прим. П. Тиховського. – Б. м. : Держ. вид-во України, 1929. – 232 с.
 * Тобілевич І. Твори. Т. 2 / Іван Тобілевич (Карпенко-Карий) ; ред. Я. Мамонтова ; прим. П. Тиховського. – Б. м. : Держ. вид-во України, 1929. – 226 с.
 * Тобілевич І. Твори. Т. 3 / Іван Тобілевич (Карпенко-Карий) ; ред. Я. Мамонтова ; прим. П. Тиховського. – Б. м. : Держ. вид-во України, 1929. – 258 с.
 * Тобілевич І. Твори. Т. 4 / Іван Тобілевич (Карпенко-Карий) ; ред. Я. Мамонтова ; прим. П. Тиховського. – Київ ; Харків : Держ. вид-во України, 1929. – 213 с.
 * Тобілевич І. Твори. Т. 5 / Іван Тобілевич (Карпенко-Карий) ; ред. Я. Мамонтова ; прим. П. Тиховського. – Харків ; Київ : Держ. вид-во України, 1930. – 202 с.
 * Тобілевич І. Твори. Т. 6 / Іван Тобілевич (Карпенко-Карий) ; ред. Я. Мамонтова. – Харків ; Київ : Держ. вид-во України, 1929. – 289 с.
 * Тобілевич І. Драми і комедії. Т. 1 / Іван Тобілевич (Карпенко-Карий) ; з портр. авт. й передм. С. Єфремова. – Київ : ВІК, 1910. – 352 с.
 * Тобилевич И. Драмы и комедии. Т. 3 / Иван Тобилевич (Карпенко-Карый). – Одесса : Тип. Акционер. Юж.-Рус. о-ва Печат. Дела, 1903. – 434 с.
 * Тобилевич И. Драмы и комедии. Т. 5 / Иван Тобилевич (Карпенко-Карый). – Полтава : Тип. Г. И. Маркевича, 1905. – 450 с.
 * Карпенко-Карий І. К. Вибрані твори / І. Карпенко-Карий (Тобілевич). — Київ : Держлітвидав, 1937. — 291 с. — (Шкільна бібліотека).