User:Kathymak/sandbox

Article Evaluation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_King

• All citations are included • Speaks from neutral stand point • Draws from proper academic and reliable sources • Missing the "also see" section at the bottom of the page

Christianity and colonialism
- "religious arm" refer to those who have the power when looking at religion within the European context

- religious arm page does not exist

- look at thirty's year war (sources) http://www.history.com/topics/thirty-years-war

http://www.ancient-origins.net/history-important-events/social-consequences-thirty-years-war-was-it-worth-it-008850

Anti-imperialism
- maybe add on to existing page or create new one (sources) "captive Revolution" book by Nahla Abdol

"women in Israel" book by Nahla Abdol

Coloniality of gender
- not much on this page so maybe add on to it

- use the idea that gender was something society labeled and forced onto people (source) "Critically Queer" article by Judith Butler   http://glq.dukejournals.org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/content/1/1/17.short

https://globalstudies.trinity.duke.edu/wp-content/themes/cgsh/materials/WKO/v2d2_Lugones.pdf

http://www.jstor.org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/stable/182498?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Coloniality of gender
- not much on this page so maybe add on to it

- use the idea that gender was something society labeled and forced onto people

Why it I should use Coloniality of Gender

Coloniality of Gender is an idea developed by a feminist philosopher María Lugones and she says that this is a form of capitalist, racialized gender oppression. I would like to look at this topic as it relates to the course by looking at the context where gender relations and identity are made. From this, I will also be looking at the gendered inequalities outside of these context. The idea of colonialism is further seen as this topics looks into how race, gender, class, nation and sexuality determine what one can or can't get access to. This ties to the idea that conceptions of gender during pre-colonial times are structured differently from the popular European conceptions. Violence is one of the main factors in shaping colonial societies and this also creates the colonialization of gender during a post-colonial time.

(Source)
"Critically Queer" article by Judith Butler   http://glq.dukejournals.org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/content/1/1/17.short

https://globalstudies.trinity.duke.edu/wp-content/themes/cgsh/materials/WKO/v2d2_Lugones.pdf

http://www.jstor.org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/stable/182498?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

(Image)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Androphilia-gynephilia-chart.png

- this image represents the different sexual orientation

- idea that there is an assumption of the orientation depending on their sex

- does not consider different gender or how they self identify

- goes back to the idea that society puts on labels onto people

Intro
Coloniality of gender is the idea that colonialism has altered the indigenous sense of self, identity and to the larger extent their cosmology and gender relationships. With the colonization of indigenous groups, it allowed European to implement their idea of gender and sex. This covered up the preexisting conception of sex and gender in the indigenous group during the pre-colonialism times. This is evident with the lack of representation or awareness in Western society for the indigenous concept of being "Two Spirited". The idea of gender itself was believed to be introduced by Western colonizers as a way to distinct two dualistic social categories which are men and women. .  The colonizers had introduced the idea of gender itself into Indigenous groups as this was originally a colonial concept which was made to organize production, territory and behavior. The desire for the colonizer to put forth the idea of gender onto an Indigenous group was to have control over their labour, authority, influence their subjectivity and ideas of sexuality.

Discrimination towards Indigenous people of Canada
The impact of colonialism of gender is evidently seen in Canada with Indigenous women as they often migrate to urban areas due to a lack of education and opportunities in general. While there is a lack of survey regarding the migration of indigenous people from rural to urban the 1991 Aboriginal People's Survey suggests that 61% of Aboriginal people have moved at some point in their life indicating their strong desire to seek out better career and livilhood. In 1970 and 1980, the Indian Act created by Canadian government dictating Indigenous women as the act controlled their status, land, resources...ect. This act made it so if an indigenous women marries an individual without the same status, the women will lose their status. Since making this act obsolete. the number of registered Indians doubled as many were reinstated. This is seen in 1985 there were approximately 360,000 registered and 778.000 in 2007. Indigenous women are seen to be most affected by Colonialism of Gender as there are many missing reports or homicides among Aboriginal females. A study shows that between 1980 and 2012, a total of 1,017 Aboriginal female were homicide victims and 164 women currently missing with additional 225 unsolved cases. As of November 4, 2013, 11.3% (1,455 total) female were considered missing.

Pre-colonial Indigenous idea of gender
Not only has the idea of gender and sexuality has changed due to colonialism but also power distribution and family structure as well. In the pre-colonial times, Indigenous families were not organized through an authoritative figure but rather it was more communal. Some pre-colonial Indigenous communities were matrilineal and gave women very powerful roles within the society.

This drastically changed once they became colonized, European values and structures were enforced onto this community thus covering their pre-existing idea of gender and family. European societies were placed power onto the men and families were patrilinal rather than matrilineal. In colonialized societies, men often are the head of the family which allows them to make important decisions while the women are often seen more submissive and plays a supportive role for the men. This contrasted with the Indigenous way of life as Cree women were believed to be the center of life and Iroqois women were given spiritual roles and control over food for the community.

A German philosopher Immanuel Kant comments on the different gender power the Indigenous communities has compared to those who are colonized as he says “ ‘Among all savages there are none by whom the feminine sex is held in greater actual regard than by those of Canada. They assemble and deliberate upon the most important regulations of the nation’ ”. (Kant, 1997)

Link for the page i added to:
Coloniality of gender

My contribution:
Colonialism of gender has altered the indigenous sense of self, identity and to the larger extent their cosmology and gender relationships. With the colonization of indigenous groups, it allowed European to implement their idea of gender and sex. This covered up the preexisting conception of sex and gender in the indigenous group during the pre-colonialism times. This is evident with the lack of representation or awareness in Western society for the indigenous concept of being "Two Spirited". The idea of gender itself was believed to be introduced by Western colonizers as a way to distinct two dualistic social categories which are men and women. . The colonizers had introduced the idea of gender itself into Indigenous groups as this was originally a colonial concept which was made to organize production, territory and behavior. The desire for the colonizer to put forth the idea of gender onto an Indigenous group was to have control over their labour, authority, influence their subjectivity and ideas of sexuality.

Discrimination towards Indigenous people of Canada
The impact of colonialism of gender is evidently seen in Canada with Indigenous women as they often migrate to urban areas due to a lack of education and opportunities in general. While there is a lack of survey regarding the migration of indigenous people from rural to urban the 1991 Aboriginal People's Survey suggests that 61% of Aboriginal people have moved at some point in their life indicating their strong desire to seek out better career and livilhood. In 1970 and 1980, the Indian Act created by Canadian government dictating Indigenous women as the act controlled their status, land, resources...ect. This act made it so if an indigenous women marries an individual without the same status, the women will lose their status. Since making this act obsolete. the number of registered Indians doubled as many were reinstated. This is seen in 1985 there were approximately 360,000 registered and 778.000 in 2007. Indigenous women are seen to be most affected by Colonialism of Gender as there are many missing reports or homicides among Aboriginal females. A study shows that between 1980 and 2012, a total of 1,017 Aboriginal female were homicide victims and 164 women currently missing with additional 225 unsolved cases. As of November 4, 2013, 11.3% (1,455 total) female were considered missing.

Pre-colonial Indigenous idea of gender
Not only has the idea of gender and sexuality has changed due to colonialism but also power distribution and family structure as well. In the pre-colonial times, Indigenous families were not organized through an authoritative figure but rather it was more communal. Some pre-colonial Indigenous communities were matrilineal and gave women very powerful roles within the society.

This drastically changed once they became colonized, European values and structures were enforced onto this community thus covering their pre-existing idea of gender and family. European societies were placed power onto the men and families were patrilinal rather than matrilineal. In colonialized societies, men often are the head of the family which allows them to make important decisions while the women are often seen more submissive and plays a supportive role for the men. This contrasted with the Indigenous way of life as Cree women were believed to be the center of life and Iroqois women were given spiritual roles and control over food for the community.

A German philosopher Immanuel Kant comments on the different gender power the Indigenous communities has compared to those who are colonized as he says “ ‘Among all savages there are none by whom the feminine sex is held in greater actual regard than by those of Canada. They assemble and deliberate upon the most important regulations of the nation’ ”. (Kant, 1997)