User:KatieFry/sandbox

Page Intro Draft
The 2006 Hajj Stampede took place on Jamaraat Bridge around 1pm on the 12th January 2006, the final day of the Hajj. Between two and three million pilgrims attended the Hajj in 2006.

Reports suggest that 363 pilgrims died and over 1000 were injured. The incident was initially caused by pilgrims tripping over left luggage. This then caused panic amongst the crowd and people rushed to complete their sacred stone throwing ritual.

The Saudi Arabia Officials reported that there was very little they could have done to avoid this disaster. A plan to develop infrastructure for the Hajj was aproved in 2005, after the 2006 Hajj, the work went ahead.

There have been various attempts to avoid future disasters similar to the 2006 stampede; such as having stricter security to ensure all pilgrims have Hajj permits.

As well as minimising attendence, the Saudi Government have strict vaccination regulations for entering the country to avoid other health risks.

Health Risks
The annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca has continuous and challenging health concerns (such as those outlined below). The 2006 Hajj is no different, however no reports indicate any specific incidents arising other than the regrettable stampede.

Infectious Diseases
Because of heavy congestion, shared accommodation, air pollution, compromised hygiene and heat, the transmission of infectious diseases is high.

Due to the climate change, the Middle East has had a rising surface temperature since the 1970s. Pilgrims are expected to spend between 20-30 hours outside during the 5-6 day rituals in an average heat of 43°C (highest 50°C). The expected extreme heat and humidity is going to exceed the danger threshold by 20% between the years 2045 and 2053 creating an even more challenging Hajj.

Due to population growth, economic growth and advancement in transport the attendance between 2000 and 2010 increased by 46%. Global travel directly amplifies the risk of disease transmission.

Vaccinations

 * All visitors from both yellow fever and/or polio-affected countries must present valid certificates and/or vaccination evidence upon entry to Saudi Arabia.
 * All visitors must have proof of vaccination against meningitis.
 * The Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health recommends travellers to have the influenza, pertussis and measles vaccinations.

Non-Communicable Diseases

 * 50% of the Hajj attendees suffer with Diabetes
 * 64% of admissions into intensive care during the Hajj.
 * 46-66% of deaths during the Hajj is from Cardiovascular Diseases.