User:KatrinaBaldeo/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Cultivation Theory

 * Cultivation theory
 * Article Evaluation:
 * Lead Section:
 * the lead section for this article is expansive and includes a well written introduction to the topic. However, there could be more inclusion of the sub-headings presented throughout the article to create a well-rounded overview of the articles contents. There is a brief sentence about the proposed criticism's; however, more subheadings should be reviewed throughout the introductory overview. The article introduction is detailed and concise, and contains many important aspects of cultivation theory specifically relating to Gerbner.
 * Content:
 * There are many sub-headings included in this article which helps generate well adjusted understandings of this topic and its influence in various aspects of life. However, one section in particular "Sports" seems to make claims that are un-cited (which is found throughout the articles). These claims relating to obesity is too broad and seems unrelated to the particular nature of cultivation theory in terms of media. There are many sub-headings that deal with Wikipedia's equity gaps, specifically race and ethnicity sections as well as the LGBTQ and sexuality sections. In addition, the altruistic behaviour section is much too brief to be constituted as a sub-heading. Without further information and elaboration, it seems unnecessary and irrelevant for the topic. The content seems fairly up-to-date, with references from within the last 2 years included in the article.
 * Tone and Balance:
 * Throughout the article there are statements that come across as being biased and un-neutral. The tone and presentation of statements can sway readers and should not be included in Wikipedia articles. The application of cultivation theory to football and basketball fans and that proving a rise in viewers preferring violent sports seems like a broad statement to make. This statement is lacking citation and there are claims that are unjustified. The author does not try to sway opinion openly, however the language used and the structure of the paragraphs ultimately reinforce certain expectations that the author may have, or seek to reinforce. I believe there should be more elaboration on children and cultivation theory, as this was a large part of Gerbner's studies and seems to be majorly overlooked throughout. The paragraph at the end about this research can be strengthened.
 * Sources and References:
 * Many of the claims made throughout the article are left without proper citation. This is unacceptable for Wikipedia, as it relies on unbiased and reliable information from secondary and peer-reviewed source. The sources are somewhat thorough with many being from researchers and peer-reviewed sources. However, missing citations heavily influence the reliability of the information presented. The critique used in the article, by Bryant, J was published in 1986. This is too outdated to be included as the only critique in the article. Many of the other sources seem to be up-to-date, with references from 2016-2020. However, some are from 2002-2005 which is from approximately 20 years ago. A diverse spectrum of authors is incorporated into the article, which is refreshing.
 * Organization and Writing Quality:
 * The organization of headings and sub-headings is concise and easy to read. The information flows nicely and is broken down into multiple sections. If these sections are all relevant remains another question. I feel there some subheadings that are unimportant for the article.
 * Images and Media:
 * There is the inclusion of a diagram that describes the cultivation process from a psychological point of view. It helps to create a visual understanding of cultivation theory. Another image includes a bar graph that describes white people and people of colour's viewing habits as heavy or light viewers, correlating to their fear of crime being a personal problem. This is supposed to show the mainstreaming effect, where another bar graph demonstrates resonance (from people living in the suburbs versus urban areas and their fear of crime being a personal problem). These differences demonstrate a disproportionate amount of people of colour who fear crime as a personal problem, where the light viewers outweigh the heavy viewers. This brings about other issues that may be unrelated to cultivation theory, which is overlooked throughout the article. I don't see the relevance of this article if it disproves cultivation theory and has many additional factors that can influence such results.
 * The images are laid out in a well organized fashion.
 * Talk Page Discussion:
 * The conversations on the talk page are generally surrounding the copyright issues related to the missing citations, and other users giving advice about the elaboration of the video game section, as it was less extensive than the sports section. They were also discussing how it reads like an essay, which is not feasible for Wikipedia. It needs to be reader friendly. The strengths surround the vast sub-sections the article contains, which enables general understanding of the theory and its related concepts.
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is broad in its inclusion of major themes related to the theory. These many sub-headings contribute to the overall strength of the article. In addition, the articles overview summarizes the central theme very well. However, it needs the required citation for the missing references, and should be re-written in an unbiased and non-essay like format to adhere to Wikipedia standards.
 * Sources
 * potential sources to include would relate to more relevant critiques and more critiques in general to help reinforce that section.
 * W. James Potter, Cultivation Theory and Research: A Conceptual Critique, Human Communication Research, Volume 19, Issue 4, June 1993, Pages 564–601, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00313.x
 * This source discusses cultivation theory applied to social media, which could reinforce som sub-sections in the wikipedia page.
 * Stein, J., Krause, E., & Ohler, P. (2021). Every (insta)gram counts? applying cultivation theory to explore the effects of instagram on young users’ body image. Psychology of Popular Media., 10 (1), 87-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000268
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is broad in its inclusion of major themes related to the theory. These many sub-headings contribute to the overall strength of the article. In addition, the articles overview summarizes the central theme very well. However, it needs the required citation for the missing references, and should be re-written in an unbiased and non-essay like format to adhere to Wikipedia standards.
 * Sources
 * potential sources to include would relate to more relevant critiques and more critiques in general to help reinforce that section.
 * W. James Potter, Cultivation Theory and Research: A Conceptual Critique, Human Communication Research, Volume 19, Issue 4, June 1993, Pages 564–601, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00313.x
 * This source discusses cultivation theory applied to social media, which could reinforce som sub-sections in the wikipedia page.
 * Stein, J., Krause, E., & Ohler, P. (2021). Every (insta)gram counts? applying cultivation theory to explore the effects of instagram on young users’ body image. Psychology of Popular Media., 10 (1), 87-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000268
 * This source discusses cultivation theory applied to social media, which could reinforce som sub-sections in the wikipedia page.
 * Stein, J., Krause, E., & Ohler, P. (2021). Every (insta)gram counts? applying cultivation theory to explore the effects of instagram on young users’ body image. Psychology of Popular Media., 10 (1), 87-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000268
 * Stein, J., Krause, E., & Ohler, P. (2021). Every (insta)gram counts? applying cultivation theory to explore the effects of instagram on young users’ body image. Psychology of Popular Media., 10 (1), 87-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000268

Bobo Doll Experiment

 * Bobo doll experiment
 * Article Evaluation
 * Lead Section:
 * the lead section for this article is brief but includes a well written introduction to the topic. There could be more inclusion of the sub-headings presented throughout the article to introduce the articles contents. There is a brief sentence at the end about how this is seen as evidence, that shows a violent influence on a child's behaviour. However, there is no discussion about the criticisms of the theory, the relation is has to cultivation theory or any other contents presented throughout the article.
 * Content:
 * There are many sub-headings included in this article which help to provide a well-rounded grasp on the experiment and its contents. The subsections could use more expansion, in terms of the criticisms and secondary sources that have relied on Bandura's research. It seems that the content itself is presented in a heavy influence to Bandura as a primary source, which is not acceptable for wikipedia standards. The content seems related to the overall Bobo Doll experiment, although they remain brief and only describe two separate studies/experiments. There are not many sub-headings that deal with Wikipedia's equity gaps although there is a brief comparison between male and female students. Perhaps this could be an additional subheading for the topic. The content seems fairly up-to-date, considering this experiment gained notoriety in the 60's It is difficult to present new information when relying on primary resources. For this reason, secondary sources are needed.
 * Tone and Balance:
 * Throughout the article the author seems neutral and unbiased in their tone. There are some instances where sentences are lacking citation and there are claims that are unjustified, primarily in the social learning theory subsection. The author does not try to sway opinion. I believe there should be more elaboration on children and cultivation theory, as this rests as a large associative theory towards children and violence. This seems to be majorly overlooked throughout the article.
 * Sources and References:
 * There are a few claims made throughout the article are left without proper citation, require grammatical fixes, and need secondary or tertiary sources. Wikipedia on unbiased and reliable information from secondary and peer-reviewed sources, which is not implemented throughout this article. The main author relies on primary sources, primarily Bandura's experiments, throughout the article. These missing citations, errors, and use of primary sources ultimately influence the reliability of the information presented. The critiques used in the article are brief, and could be expanded on throughout the subsection. The experiment itself is outdated, as it was originally conducted in the 60's. A few of the other sources seem to be up-to-date, with references from 2019 included. However, majority are from the 20th century, specifically 1960-1990. A diverse spectrum of authors is necessary for the revival of this page. Images are lacking citation.
 * Organization and Writing Quality:
 * The organization of headings and sub-headings is concise and easy to read. The information flows nicely and is broken down into sections by the different experiments. However, the writing quality is not as clear, with grammatical errors and poor writing flagged by wikipedia.
 * Images and Media:
 * There is the inclusion of a diagram that demonstrates the Bobo doll. this helps viewers to understand the main prop in the experiment. Another image includes the actual experiment, with children throwing the doll. The images are laid out in a well organized fashion; however, only have a brief description underneath them. This should be expanded upon. There is also no live reference in the images description, lacking footnotes and all other citation styles.
 * Talk Page Discussion:
 * The conversations on the talk page are generally surrounding the grammatical/information/content issues. One user is a psychology student and made major edits to the page. The strengths surround the experiment information the article contains, which enables general understanding of the experiment itself.
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is unfinished in its inclusion of major themes related to the theory. These many sub-headings could greatly contribute to the overall strength of the article. This article needs the errors to be fixed to adhere to Wikipedia standards.
 * Sources that would benefit this article relate to:
 * Edwards, & Fuller, T. (2020). Learning Violence: The Drama of Aggression. In Graphic Violence (1st ed., pp. 109–135). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351112512-5
 * - Chapter 5: learning violence - the drama of aggression
 * Jacqueline, Allan. “Module 9 The First Responses.” An Analysis of Albert Bandura’s Aggression, 1st ed., Routledge, 2017, pp. 56–60, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781912282425-10.
 * Chapter 9 - discusses criticisms. the whole book in general would be beneficial as well.
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is unfinished in its inclusion of major themes related to the theory. These many sub-headings could greatly contribute to the overall strength of the article. This article needs the errors to be fixed to adhere to Wikipedia standards.
 * Sources that would benefit this article relate to:
 * Edwards, & Fuller, T. (2020). Learning Violence: The Drama of Aggression. In Graphic Violence (1st ed., pp. 109–135). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351112512-5
 * - Chapter 5: learning violence - the drama of aggression
 * Jacqueline, Allan. “Module 9 The First Responses.” An Analysis of Albert Bandura’s Aggression, 1st ed., Routledge, 2017, pp. 56–60, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781912282425-10.
 * Chapter 9 - discusses criticisms. the whole book in general would be beneficial as well.
 * Jacqueline, Allan. “Module 9 The First Responses.” An Analysis of Albert Bandura’s Aggression, 1st ed., Routledge, 2017, pp. 56–60, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781912282425-10.
 * Chapter 9 - discusses criticisms. the whole book in general would be beneficial as well.
 * Chapter 9 - discusses criticisms. the whole book in general would be beneficial as well.

Option 3
Thimsen, A.F. (2022). What Is Performative Activism?Philosophy & Rhetoric 55(1), 83-89. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/855141.
 * Performative activism
 * Article Evaluation
 * Lead Section:
 * the lead section for this article is lacking as it only contains two sentences. It does not describe the contents of the article, and does not expand on the term as a whole. There could be more inclusion of the sub-headings presented throughout the article.
 * Content:
 * There are not many sub-headings included in this article. The main theme presented relates to Black Lives Matter, and how performative activism grew during that time. However, it is not enough to create a general understanding of what performative activism is, and how it manifests online. The only heading is it's history and usage, it is lacking in its various ways it can be viewed, through protests seen online, social media posts, and the internet more broadly. The overall idea of performative activism deals with, and relates too, Wikipedia's equity gaps, specifically race as seen through its inclusion of George Floyd. The overall article is very brief and needs more sub-headings and information.The content seems fairly up-to-date, with references from within the last 2 years included in the article as the protests and relevance of Black Lives Matter grew tremendously with the death of George Floyd.
 * Tone and Balance:
 * Throughout the article there are statements that come across as being biased and un-neutral. The tone and presentation of statements can sway readers and should not be included in Wikipedia articles. The inclusion of celebrity statements, and quotations seems unnecessary for the general understanding of what performative activism is and how it is shown. I believe there should be more elaboration on the various sides of performative activism, not necessarily seen in BLM protests, but other social movements.
 * Sources and References:
 * Some claims made throughout the article are left without proper citation. This is unacceptable for Wikipedia, as it relies on unbiased and reliable information from secondary and peer-reviewed source. Some sources are thorough, being from proper literature reviews. However, many references are opinion pieces and not peer-reviewed. The author relies heavily on George Floyd and BLM, when many other issues can be consulted. A diverse spectrum of authors is incorporated into the article, but the strength of these sources need to be altered. Also, the use of quotations are heavy throughout the article.
 * Organization and Writing Quality:
 * The organization of headings and sub-headings is concise and easy to read, as the article is short so it is brief. The information flows nicely and is broken down into sections. I feel there should be more sub-headings for the articles improvement.
 * Images and Media:
 * There are no images or media items included in the article. It would help greatly to see some visuals about what performative activism could look like.
 * Talk Page Discussion:
 * The conversations on the talk page are generally surrounding the conclusions the author draws, specifically about its "rise in popularity", as performative activism could be drawn from other social issues before George Floyd. One individual says that performative activism is in itself a non-sense term, and should not have its own article.
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is brief. There is a lack of sub-headings to contribute to the article. In addition, the article lacks an overview. It needs the required citation for the missing reference, and should be expanded upon to generate sound understanding of performative activism.
 * Sources
 * Sources that would benefit this article include
 * this is a peer-reviewed article that also includes George Floyd, which can help strengthen some original claims in the article.
 * Talk Page Discussion:
 * The conversations on the talk page are generally surrounding the conclusions the author draws, specifically about its "rise in popularity", as performative activism could be drawn from other social issues before George Floyd. One individual says that performative activism is in itself a non-sense term, and should not have its own article.
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is brief. There is a lack of sub-headings to contribute to the article. In addition, the article lacks an overview. It needs the required citation for the missing reference, and should be expanded upon to generate sound understanding of performative activism.
 * Sources
 * Sources that would benefit this article include
 * this is a peer-reviewed article that also includes George Floyd, which can help strengthen some original claims in the article.
 * Sources that would benefit this article include
 * this is a peer-reviewed article that also includes George Floyd, which can help strengthen some original claims in the article.

This book chapter focuses on the Me Too movement, which can help create a better understanding of performative activism in other social issues besides BLM and the use of the Internet in such "performances".

Turner, & Gleeson, J. (2019). Online Feminist Activism as Performative Consciousness-Raising: A #MeToo Case Study. In MeToo and the Politics of Social Change (pp. 53–69). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15213-0_4

Option 4

 * Fan art
 * Article Evaluation
 * Lead Section:
 * the lead section for this article is expansive and includes a well written introduction to the topic. However, there could be more inclusion of the sub-headings presented throughout the article. There is a brief sentence about the awards given from fan art. The article introduction is detailed and concise, and provides a general understanding of what the topic is about.
 * Content:
 * There are not many sub-headings included in this. There are only two, Forms, relating to the many ways fan art can manifest, and United States. Im unsure why the United States is heavily implicated in this, besides the inclusion of copyright laws, because fan art originates from all over the world. It seems unnecessary. The sub-headings do not deal with Wikipedia's equity gaps, but could ultimately be expanded to include them. In addition, the content is brief and lacks authoritative references to back up the ideas presented. There should be elaboration of fan art as an expression of low culture, and presented in more academic lenses.
 * Tone and Balance:
 * Throughout the article there are statements that generally come across as neutral. The tone and presentation of statements ultimately read as an un-biased account of fan art. However, many statements, and entire sub-headings are lacking citation.
 * Sources and References:
 * Many of the claims made throughout the article are left without proper citation, including entire sections. This is unacceptable for Wikipedia, as it relies on unbiased and reliable information from secondary and peer-reviewed source. The sources are lacking, with only 3 sources present in the references page. Missing citations heavily influence the reliability of the information presented. Majority of the sources, 2/3 are out-of-date.
 * Organization and Writing Quality:
 * The organization of headings and sub-headings is concise and easy to read, as it is brief. The information could be expanded upon, with more headings, to create a well-rounded understanding of the topic.
 * Images and Media:
 * There is the inclusion of one picture of Harry Potter, however it is missing a citation. This is used to show an example of fan art, however there are multiple forms and these forms could be separated into sub-headings to create a better understanding. The image is laid out in a well organized fashion; however, missing citation and only relates to one form of fan art.
 * Talk Page Discussion:
 * The conversations on the talk page are generally surrounding the heavy inclusion of America, and how it should include other countries. There is also a discussion about its notability, which is in question. Another user discusses architecture, paintings, and folklore which could also constitute as fan art.
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is brief and lacking in its effective proposal of fan art and its various forms. It requires a lot of work, relating to more sub-headings, citations, and other proper academic references to reinforce its notability.
 * Sources
 * Friess, M. (2022). Fanfiction as: Searching for significance in the academic realm (Order No. 28498779). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; ProQuest One Literature. (2531692323). Retrieved from https://login.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/fanfiction-as-searching-significance-academic/docview/2531692323/se-2
 * This dissertation discusses fan fiction, which is directly related to fan art. it proposes various realms of understanding that frames it as academically relevant in a social and cultural narrative.
 * Hetrick. (2018). Reading Fan Art as Complex Texts. Art Education (Reston), 71(3), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2018.1436357
 * this citation focuses on an art teachers understanding and perspective on fan art. the meaning of fan art, for those creating it, is heavily discussed. the deterritorialization and reterritorialization of these popular culture products and the inclusion of theory is involved
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is brief and lacking in its effective proposal of fan art and its various forms. It requires a lot of work, relating to more sub-headings, citations, and other proper academic references to reinforce its notability.
 * Sources
 * Friess, M. (2022). Fanfiction as: Searching for significance in the academic realm (Order No. 28498779). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; ProQuest One Literature. (2531692323). Retrieved from https://login.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/fanfiction-as-searching-significance-academic/docview/2531692323/se-2
 * This dissertation discusses fan fiction, which is directly related to fan art. it proposes various realms of understanding that frames it as academically relevant in a social and cultural narrative.
 * Hetrick. (2018). Reading Fan Art as Complex Texts. Art Education (Reston), 71(3), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2018.1436357
 * this citation focuses on an art teachers understanding and perspective on fan art. the meaning of fan art, for those creating it, is heavily discussed. the deterritorialization and reterritorialization of these popular culture products and the inclusion of theory is involved
 * Hetrick. (2018). Reading Fan Art as Complex Texts. Art Education (Reston), 71(3), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2018.1436357
 * this citation focuses on an art teachers understanding and perspective on fan art. the meaning of fan art, for those creating it, is heavily discussed. the deterritorialization and reterritorialization of these popular culture products and the inclusion of theory is involved
 * this citation focuses on an art teachers understanding and perspective on fan art. the meaning of fan art, for those creating it, is heavily discussed. the deterritorialization and reterritorialization of these popular culture products and the inclusion of theory is involved

Option 5
This is a useful source as it describes men who were hybristophiliacs, which is something usually unseen. It describes hybristophilia in terms of a man being attracted to a woman serial killer in addition to the violence.
 * Hybristophilia
 * Article Evaluation
 * Lead Section:
 * the lead section for this article is well-written and includes a proper introduction to the topic, detailing the meaning of the term and its history. There could be more inclusion of the sub-headings presented throughout the article. There could also be an inclusion of its criticisms, or if it is an actual diagnosable disease.
 * Content:
 * There are 3 sub-headings, lexicon, causes and historical. There could be more sub-headings to create a greater understanding of where this can be seen. However, one section in particular "causes" seems to make claims that are un-cited. The historical sub-heading is also very limited, and should include more information. There are not many sub-headings that deal with Wikipedia's equity gaps. The content and references should be updated, as majority of sources come from 2000s and 2010s.
 * Tone and Balance:
 * Throughout the article the statements come across as being neutral. The tone and presentation of statements ultimately report on the actualities of this phenomenon. The author does not try to sway opinion, however the language used and the structure of the paragraphs ultimately reinforce certain expectations that the author may have, or seek to reinforce about serial killers. I believe there should be more elaboration on specific cases and the history of this issue.
 * Sources and References:
 * Some claims are left without proper citation. The sources are somewhat thorough with many being from academic journals from associations and other journalistic/academic sources. A diverse spectrum of authors is incorporated into the article.
 * Organization and Writing Quality:
 * The organization of headings and sub-headings is concise and easy to read, but still brief in its analysis. The information flows nicely and is broken down into multiple sections. However, the information needs to be expanded upon.
 * Images and Media:
 * There are no images included in the article. Images should be included to visually represent this phenomenon.
 * Talk Page Discussion:
 * The conversations on the talk page are generally surrounding the advice to include a section on the psychology of Hybristophilia. They were also discussing how they removed the Boston bombers from the article.
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is fairly brief in its analysis and inclusion of major themes. the sub-headings need to be expanded.There is no overview, and some citations are needed.
 * Sources
 * Useful sources for this topic relate to:
 * Pettigrew. (2019). Aggressive hybristophilia in men and the affect of a female serial killer. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 30(3), 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2019.1588911
 * Talk Page Discussion:
 * The conversations on the talk page are generally surrounding the advice to include a section on the psychology of Hybristophilia. They were also discussing how they removed the Boston bombers from the article.
 * Overall Impressions:
 * In summation the article is fairly brief in its analysis and inclusion of major themes. the sub-headings need to be expanded.There is no overview, and some citations are needed.
 * Sources
 * Useful sources for this topic relate to:
 * Pettigrew. (2019). Aggressive hybristophilia in men and the affect of a female serial killer. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 30(3), 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2019.1588911
 * Useful sources for this topic relate to:
 * Pettigrew. (2019). Aggressive hybristophilia in men and the affect of a female serial killer. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 30(3), 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2019.1588911