User:Katwarot/Pantoprazole

Administration
For improved efficacy of pantoprazole, the oral tablet formulation is taken half an hour prior to ingestion of food. The drug can be administered with antacids. In hospital, intravenous administration is indicated when patients are unable to take the medication by mouth.

Pharmacology
After administration, the time for the drug to reach peak plasma concentrations is 2 to 3 hours. The percentage of the drug that was protein bound is 98%.

Adverse effects
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Long-term use

If patient experiences hypomagnesia pantoprazole should be discontinued because if it is left untreated it could potentially cause cardiac arrythmias, seizures and delirium.

Deficiencies such as vitamin B12 deficiency, iron deficiency, and calcium deficiency may be seen with long term use. Vitamin B12 deficiency is due to the change in the acidic environment within the stomach with the use of pantoprazole which prevents peptidases from being activated. This prevents the cleaving of R-factor from vitamin B12 and prevents its absorption. Furthermore, lupus erythematosus is another potential side effect with long term use.

Rebound hypergastrinemia may be seen when stopping the medication after long term use.

Medical Uses
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Elderly

The duration of therapy in elderly should be limited to eight weeks.

Drug Interactions
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Due to its effect of reducing stomach acidity, use of pantoprazole can affect absorption of drugs that are pH-sensitive, such as ampicillin esters, ketoconazole, atazanavir, iron salts, amphetamine and mycophenolate mofetil.[12] Additional medications that can be affected include bisphosphonate derivatives, fluconazole, clopidogrel, and methotrexate.