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C1orf74 is a protein-encoding gene found on chromosome 1 in humans. Its function is currently unknown.

Gene
The gene C1orf74 is a protein-encoding gene on chromosome 1. It is also known as URLC4 and UPF0739. The locus of this gene is 1q32.2 and it spans from 20995562 to 209957890 on the minus strand. C1orf74 is 2229 base pairs long. The gene contains 2 exons. C1orf74 is downstream of the gene interferon regulatory factor 6 or IRF6.

Transcript
C1orf74 is transcribed into an mRNA that is 1642 nucleotides long. The transcript contains 2 exons and one upstream in-frame stop codon. The 5' UTR of this transcript is 343 nucleotides long and the 3' UTR is 570 nucleotides long. Both exons are usually transcribed. There have been a few cases where only the second exon was transcribed. A fusion transcript containing IRF6 and first exon of C1orf74 has also been found. But this transcript would result in a very short polypeptide.

Protein
The protein that is encoded for by C1orf74 is most commonly known as UPF0739 protein C1orf74. UPF0739 contains 269 amino acids and weighs 29430 Da. Amino acids 19 to 269 are part of a domain of unknown function known as DUF4504. Within this DUF, there are two conserved sequence motifs LLGYP and SFS. The translational start site of C1orf74 is after the exon-exon junction, which means the protein is made only by translating the second exon.

Function
The only suggestion of C1orf74's function comes from data that is currently only published in NCBI's database. This data is based on a study by Daigo and Nakamura, which found that C1orf74 is up-regulated in lung cancer. This study gave C1orf74 its other alias, URLC4. C1orf74's locus, 1q32.2, has been associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia. This locus is also involved in cleft palate and Van der Woude syndrome. A mutation in IRF6, C1orf74's upstream neighbor, results in cleft palate and Van der Woude syndrome. Mutations in regions upstream and downstream of IRF6 are also involved in Van der Woude syndrome.

Evolution
C1orf74 does not have any known paralogs, but it has many orthologs that contain the same DUF. It has orthologs in most vertebrates and some invertebrates, excluding insects and other arthropods. C1orf74 has a very distant ortholog in white rust.