User:Kawaputra/page3

This is a sandbox for Sabah politics related articles.

=Politics of Sabah=
 * http://www.theborneopost.com/?p=26991

Rotation system
The rotation system was used in the state of Sabah as a means to divide and share power among the three main communities of the state&mdash;the Christian Bumiputras, the Muslim Bumiputras, and the Chinese people&mdash;represented by various political parties within the Barisan National coalition supposedly representing the interests of those communities. The system was introduced by the then Prime Minister of Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad when the ruling coalition party, Barisan Nasional, formed government despite losing in the 1994 state elections. This occurred due to a major defection which took place by leaders from Party Bersatu Sabah (PBS), the party which won the election.

The system provided that the Chief Ministerial post will be held by a leader from one of the three communities for two years, and then the post will be passed on to another leader representing another community. The first Chief Minister under this system was Sakaran Dandai from the party United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in 1994. Sakaran did not complete his two-year tenure and was replaced by Salleh Mohd Said, also from UMNO. In 1996, Yong Teck Lee from Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) became next Chief Minister. Bernard Dompok then became the next Chief Minister representing the Christian Bumiputra community in 1998. His tenure lasted less than two years when Osu Sukam from UMNO replaced him in 1999. In 2001, Chong Kah Kiat from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) replaced Osu. Later in 2003, Musa Aman from UMNO took up the post and remains the current Chief Minister of Sabah as of November 2007. The rotation system was abolished in 2005 following BN's landslide victory in Sabah in the 2004 Malaysian general election.


 * http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200103/16/eng20010316_65230.html
 * http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=31714

=1986 Sabah riots= The 1986 Sabah riots occured between March and May all around the state of Sabah, Malaysia. The riots centered mainly in the capital Kota Kinabalu, as well as in the towns of Tawau and Sandakan. On March 12, seven plastic explosives were detonanted in Kota Kinabalu. A bomb was also detonanted in Tawau.


 * http://www.pbs-sabah.org/pbs3/html/party/background.html
 * http://ahlsunnah.blogspot.com/2007/11/demonstrasi-jalanan-bukan-penyelesaian.html
 * http://www.freeanwar.net/facnews/justicekamil100601.htm
 * http://www.oxan.com/display.aspx?g=gp&ItemID=DB96580
 * San Jose Mercury
 * who is the mastermind behind the riot?
 * http://charleshector.blogspot.com/2009/02/prefer-fresh-elections-in-perak-rather.html

=Sabah state election, 1985=
 * http://www.geocities.com/hualian_studentclub/pilihanraya/pilihanraya_umum_sabah_1985.htm
 * http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0004-4687(198607)26%3A7%3C815%3ATSSEOA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S

=Sabah state election, 1994= =Parti Berjaya, BERSEKUTU or Federated Sabah Peoples' Front=
 * http://malaysiana1.blogspot.com/2008/01/sabah-leaders-to-take-police-action.html
 * http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=42457

=United Sabah National Organization (USNO) =
 * http://malaysiana1.blogspot.com/2007/11/about-tun-muhammad-said-keruak-borneos.html
 * http://malaysiana1.blogspot.com/2007/11/about-datuk-seri-harris-salleh-datuk.html

=Elections in Malaysia=
 * http://www.geocities.com/hualian_studentclub/pilihanraya/

=North Borneo during WWII=
 * Kinabalu Guerillas
 * Japanese occupation of Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak
 * http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/Sunday/Jejak/20071209022729/Article/
 * http://malaysiana1.blogspot.com/2007/08/about-kota-kinabalu.html
 * http://www.flyingdusun.com/004_Features/027_sulug.htm
 * http://ismailybungsu.wordpress.com/2007/11/01/

=Sabah Foundation & 60s - 70s in Sabah=
 * http://www.ipsofactoj.com/highcourt/2001/Part4/hct2001(4)-011.htm
 * http://www.malaysia.net/node/410 (mainly about Sarawak)

=State election table=

=Project IC= Project IC is a term used in Malaysia to describe the allegation of systematic granting of citizenship to immigrants (whether illegal or legal immigrants) by giving them identity documents known as IC (identity card). The alleged practice is mainly centered in the state of Sabah in East Malaysia. The term is used mainly by opposition politicians and the media. Another term used is Project M

The former Sandakan district chief Hassnar Ebrahim made a statement confessing being involved in Project IC. He was a former detainee of the Internal Security Act (Malaysia) in 1998. He also testified in the petition for the annulment of the Likas state assembly district election.

It has been said that the project was secret policy of the Barisan Nasional coalition, in particular United Malays National Organisation, in order to attain political domination in the state using the votes of these immigrants.

Parti Keadilan Rakyat vice president Jeffrey Kitingan alleges that there are 600,000 immigrants with ICs out of an estimated 1.7 million foreigners in Sabah.


 * http://www.cri.uci.edu/pdf/ISQ2005FinalCopy.pdf
 * http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=46882
 * http://web6.bernama.com/bernama/v3/bm/news.php?id=237242&vo=126
 * http://www.harakahdaily.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6298&Itemid=59
 * http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/64549
 * http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news.php?id=282559

http://www.aliran.com/oldsite/monthly/2001/6f.html http://www.limkitsiang.com/archive/2001/jul01/lks1124.htm http://www.ipsofactoj.com/appeal/2002/Part3/app2002(3)-002.htm http://www.spr.gov.my/index/star160702.htm http://www.spr.gov.my/index/nst110601.htm http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=57118 http://bernardpensiangan182.blogspot.com/2008_04_13_archive.html http://www.pbs-sabah.org/pbs3/html/news/2007/230107borneopost.html http://asiacalling.kbr68h.com/index.php/archives/172 http://asiacalling.kbr68h.com/index.php/archives/170

in other countries

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_citizenship
 * http://bahraini.tv/2010/12/16/bahrain%E2%80%99s-king-pledges-to-stop-playing-with-demographics/
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Australia_policy
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Bahraini_protests

=Operation Talkak= http://hrw.org/reports/pdfs/m/malaysia/malaysia91o.pdf

=Privacy in Malaysia=
 * Section 106A, 106B, 106C of the Criminal Procedure Code
 * DNA Act
 * Privacy, Privacy law

=History of Sabah=
 * http://www.sabah.org.my/bi/know_sabah/cultural_melt.asp (Kinabatangan chinese settlement 11th-16th century, Austronesians arrived 5000yrs)
 * http://all.talkmalaysia.com/sabah/sabah-history/ (Brunei-West Coast-Moses Dent; Sulu-East Coast-Overbeck)
 * http://www.kinabaluweb.com/history.html (chinese kinabatangan province/settlement)
 * http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/4/10/southneast/17338525&sec=southneast
 * http://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/04/04/malaysia-kinabatangan-valley-the-resting-place-of-timber-coffins/
 * http://smrhistory.blogspot.com/2009/01/how-brunei-lost-its-northern-province.html (saba, pisang saba, sabak)
 * http://31august1957.blogspot.com/2008/11/getting-to-root-of-name-sabah.html
 * http://www.seaa-web.org/bulletin2008/bul-essay-08-01.htm (Melanta Tutup, log coffin at bodgaya 1000-1250 CE)
 * http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070205190253AAFwJtK (Dong Son drums)
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=Szvr5hUtD5kC&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=dongson+banggi&source=bl&ots=boQw7EhWnx&sig=5HnFZj6TnqfPvlTwFYPO5JU-Zik&hl=en&ei=Y6DJSr4zg4-QBdPVgNwF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=dongson%20banggi&f=false (Dong son)
 * http://www.bt.com.bn/en/golden_legacy/2009/08/16/naming_a_sea_faring_nation (Borneo, Brunei, Boni, Poni, Foni, etc)
 * http://www.bt.com.bn/classification/life/2007/06/23/the_origins_of_the_name_brunei_darussalam (Funanese migration to Borneo)
 * http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27547/27547-h/27547-h.htm (v. interesting and resourceful)

=Sabah Malay=
 * http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=msi
 * http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=msi

=Brunei Malay=
 * http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kxd
 * http://www.sil.org/ISO639-3/documentation.asp?id=kxd

=1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis=
 * http://malaysiana1.blogspot.com/2009/02/melanau-coup-in-sarawak-1966.html

=Out of Sunda=
 * http://theonlinecitizen.com/2009/12/dna-suggests-chinese-origin/
 * http://shinku.nichibun.ac.jp/jpub/pdf/jr/JN1902.pdf
 * http://pinoyexchange.com/forums/showthread.php?t=413753
 * http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/paul-rodgers/2008/05/sundaland-spread-taiwan
 * http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-05/uol-nrf052308.php
 * http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_releases_for_journalists/080523.html
 * http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1626629&fileOId=1626632 (japanese & austronesian link)
 * http://www.free republic.com/focus/f-news/1375179/posts
 * http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.com/2011/10/eden-in-east-in-his-book-eden-in-east.html
 * http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/reviews/atlantis.html
 * http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?subcat=13&i=364
 * http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/1475/genetic_study_uncovers_new_path_to_polynesia
 * http://www.theosophical.org.uk/undrwrldhy.htm
 * http://massey.genomicus.com/publications/Donohue_2010_CurrAnthropol_v51_p223.pdf

=1977 Kelantan Emergency=

The 1977 Kelantan Emergency occurred in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. The emergency declaration was declared by the Agong on November 8, 1977 upon request by the federal government following a political impasse and street violence in Kelantan.

Events leading up to the declaration of emergency
The Mentri Besar (Chief Minister) of Kelantan in 1977 was Mohamad Nasir of PAS. At that time and since 1972, PAS was part of the Alliance Party and subsequently Barisan Nasional (after 1974), which the federal ruling coalition party. In 1977, Mohamad Nasir was experiencing dissatisfaction within PAS and was accused of defying party instructions. A no-confidence motion was tabled in the state assembly wherein 20 PAS assemblymen supported the motion while 13 UMNO and 1 MCA assemblymen walked out in protest. Mohamad Nasir refused to resign. He then requested the Regent of Kelantan (as head of state) to dissolve the state assembly to make was for an election but it was refused. Supporters of Mohamad Nasir then demonstrated in the streets resulting in violence and looting.

Declaration of emergency and aftermath
On November 8, 1977 the Yang di-Pertuan Agong declared a state of emergency in the state of Kelantan. The Emergency Powers (Kelantan) Act 1977 was passed by Parliament the next day giving the federal government implied power to govern the state. Although being part of Barisan Nasional coalition, 12 out of 14 of PAS members of Parliament had opposed the passing of the Act. Consequently PAS was expelled from the BN coalition.

In March 1978, an election was held in Kelantan. The election was contested by PAS, UMNO and BERJASA, a new party formed by Mohamad Nasir. UMNO won the election winning 23 seats, while BERJASA won 11 and PAS with 2 seats paving way for UMNO to form government in Kelantan for the first time.

=PMD=
 * http://penangmonthly.com/what%E2%80%99s-in-the-budget-for-state-governments/
 * http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/litee/malaysia/article/abuses-due-to-centralisation-of-power-in-pm-says-ku-li/
 * http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/commentary/210291-ideas-a-pervasive-culture-of-centralisation.html

=Ministry of Finance (Malaysia)=

The Ministry of Finance is a federal government ministry in Malaysia. It is headed by Najib Razak who is also the prime minister of Malaysia.