User:Kaywoodard/African American Women in STEM/Bibliography

African-American women have played a significant role in the field of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). Despite facing numerous challenges, they have made remarkable contributions and achieved great success in these fields. This article will shed light on the achievements and contributions of African-American women in STEM, highlighting their inspiring stories and the impact they have had on society.

One notable figure in the field of STEM is Dr. Mae Jemison, who became the first African-American woman to travel into space. Dr. Jemison, a physician, engineer, and NASA astronaut served as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992. Her groundbreaking achievement not only broke barriers but also inspired generations of African-American women to pursue careers in STEM.

But let's not forget the women who crawled so Dr. Jemison could walk. Mary Jackson was an American mathematician and aerospace engineer. She was born on April 9, 1921, in Hampton, Virginia. Jackson is best known for her significant contributions to the field of aerospace engineering and her work in breaking down racial barriers for women and minorities in the industry. In recognition of her contributions, Jackson received numerous awards and honors. In 1979, she was promoted to the position of Federal Women's Program Manager at NASA, where she continued to make a positive impact until her retirement in 1985.

Another pioneering African-American woman in STEM is Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson. Dr. Jackson, a theoretical physicist, became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1973. She later went on to make significant contributions in the field of physics, particularly in condensed matter physics and particle physics. Dr. Jackson's groundbreaking research and leadership in academia and industry have paved the way for future generations of African-American women in STEM.

In the field of computer science, Dr. Lisa Gelobter has made significant contributions. Dr. Gelobter, a technology executive and entrepreneur, played a key role in the development of Shockwave technology, which revolutionized online multimedia. Her work has had a profound impact on the way we consume and interact with digital media.

African-American women have also made notable contributions to the field of mathematics. Dr. Evelyn Boyd Granville, a mathematician and educator, became the second African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics in 1949. Her research focused on celestial mechanics and computational mathematics, and she went on to have a successful career in academia and government.

In addition to these remarkable individuals, countless other African-American women have made significant contributions in various STEM fields. Their achievements serve as inspiration and proof that African-American women have the talent, passion, and determination to excel in these fields.

However, it is important to acknowledge the challenges that African-American women continue to face in STEM. Studies have shown that they are underrepresented in these fields, facing barriers such as systemic racism, unconscious bias, and lack of representation. Efforts are being made to address these disparities and create a more inclusive and diverse environment in STEM.

In conclusion, African-American women have made significant contributions to STEM, breaking barriers and inspiring future generations. Their achievements in fields such as space exploration, physics, computer science, and mathematics have had a lasting impact on society. While challenges persist, their stories serve as a reminder of the importance of diversity and inclusion in STEM fields.

Table from the EEOC's Office of Federal Operations

Bibliograph

 * Gibbs, C. (2021, May 10). Women of color in STEM: The past, present, and future. Maryville Online.
 * This article discusses how many women of color made groundbreaking discoveries in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. These women are now acknowledged for their contributions to STEM and encouraged to pursue STEM careers.


 * Office of Federal Operations. (n.d.). Special topics annual report: Women in stem. US EEOC
 * In this article, The EEOC's Office of Federal Operations presents a report on the participation and experiences of women who work in STEM within the federal government. This report is a supplement to the EEOC's Annual Report on the Federal Workforce Fiscal Year 2019.


 * Contributors to Wikimedia projects. (2023, August 3). List of African-American women in STEM fields. Wikipedia.
 * This article provides a list of notable African-American women who have made contributions to the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. These women offer stellar and motivational examples of what can be done in science careers, and they make it possible for others to see work in science as an option for African-American women.

Also See

 * List of Women in Technology International Hall of Fame inductees
 * STEM pipeline
 * National Society of Black Engineers
 * African American women in computer science
 * List of African-American women in medicine