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Amodiaquine, sold under the trade name Camoquin, is a medication used to treat malaria and as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Common side effects include cause, diarrhoea, and itching. Its use has also been linked with liver damage and effects on the heart including low blood pressure.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. In 2012, the World Health Organization recommended Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention treatment for children under 5, which required amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment for a month in order to reduce malaria infections.

Medical uses
Amodiaquine is an important medication in the combination therapy for malaria treatment in Africa. It is often used in combination with artensunate as a by mouth artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Amodiaquine has also been found to work against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains of malaria.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding
There is limited data on the safety of amodiaquine in pregnant women, although its use has not indicated any associated cases of birth defects in the baby. Prescribers should assess the risks and benefits of therapy. Its use during breast-feeding is generally safe, as the amount found in breast milk is small.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding (mistakes for presentation)
There is limited data on the safety of amodiaquine in pregnant women, although its use has not indicated any associated cases of birth defects in the baby. Its use during breast-feeding is generally safe, as the amount found in breast milk is small. According to a randomized control study conducted in Ghana, pulse rate and blood pressure were lower in pregnant women who were treated with amodiaquine-artesunate compared to other ACT-treated groups (P<0.001). Weakness, dizziness, and vomiting resulting from hypotension were shown to be the most prevalent adverse effects amongst the amodiaquine group. Although safety and efficacy for amodiaquine use in pregnancy is not very established, this population probably shouldn't use this.

Contraindications
Amodiaquine should not be used in people with liver problems or for prevention of malaria. It should also be used with caution in people with alcoholism.

Adverse effects
Amodiaquine has adverse effect similar to that of chloroquine, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, itchiness, and diarrhea. Amodiaquine may cause less itchiness than chloroquine. When used for prevention, amodiaquine has a much greater risk of a low white blood cell count and higher risk of liver toxicty. Due to reports of fatal cases of sudden liver inflammation, amodiaquine is currently only recommended for malaria treatment and not prevention. When amodiaquine is used for treatment of malaria, the severity of these risks are unknown.

Adverse Effects (mistakes for presentation)
Amodiaquine has adverse effect similar to that of chloroquine, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, pruritus, and diarrhea. Amodiaquine may cause less itchiness than chloroquine. When used for prevention, amodiaquine has a much greater risk of a low white blood cell count and higher risk of liver toxicty. The pattern of serum enzyme elevations is most frequently hepatocellular. Due to reports of fatal cases of sudden liver inflammation, amodiaquine is currently only recommended for malaria treatment and not prevention. When amodiaquine is used for treatment of malaria, the severity of these risks are unknown.

Overdose
High doses of amodiaquine may cause syncope, convulsions, muscle spasms, and involuntary movements. Patients may also experience shock, due to reduced blood circulation, and a reduced heart rate.

Interactions
There have been reports of increased liver toxicity in people with HIV/AIDS on zidovudine or efavirenz when treated with amodiaquine-containing ACT regimens, therefore it is recommended that these people avoid amodiaquine.

Interactions (mistakes for presentation)
There have been reports of increased liver toxicity in HIV/AIDS patients on zidovudine or efavirenz when treated with amodiaquine-containing ACT regimens, therefore it is recommended that these people avoid amodiaquine.

Mechanism of action
Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinoline that has active antimalarial effects on P. flaciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malaria by destroying their presence in the blood. Its mode of action is not completely understood, yet it is believed that it penetrates red blood cells and prevents the parasites from digesting heme, causing death of the parasites.

Pharmacokinetics
Once amodiaquine is taken by mouth, it is quickly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and transformed into its active metabolite, N-desethylamodiaquine. Bioavailability is unknown. Its estimated volume of distribution is 20-40 L/kg. Metabolism of amodiaquine is primarily via CYP2C8, oxidation, and glucuronidation. An estimated 2% of amodiaquine is excreted unchanged in the urine, however its active metabolite has a slower elimination with a half-life of 9-18 days.

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/162441/1/9789241549127_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1