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Epidemiology of Obesity:

Obesity is a major public health problem in the USA owing to its rapidly increasing prevalence, substantial mortality and morbidity, and growing healthcare costs. Several studies have inquired about the relationship between community food environment and obesity is significant and inverse among US adults. The large-scale study demonstrated a substantial and inverse relationship between the local food environment and adult obesity in the US using local spatially weighted regression. More importantly, there were considerable regional differences in the strength and direction of this connection. Our current understanding of the relationship between community food environments and obesity and its geographic disparity in the USA has been expanded by the findings of this study, which also show the need for geographically specific public health policies and interventions to address issues with food environments that are specific to particular regions.

It is well known that obesity significantly increases the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, researchers in the newly developed discipline of immunometabolism have shown that obesity also interferes with the body's immunity, making an obese person more susceptible to infection from pathogens like influenza and the novel coronavirus. According to a recent study, individuals with SARS-CoV-2 who were hospitalized to intensive care frequently had obesity, and with increased BMI, disease severity increased. Obesity is a risk factor for the severity of SARS-CoV-2, thus those who are sensitive should pay more attention to preventive measures.

In 2014, the estimated number of obese pregnant women was 14.6 million. Pregnant women who are overweight or obese have increased significantly in both upper middle income and lower middle income countries. India had the highest percentage of overweight and obese pregnant women in the world (4.3 million), or 11.1% of all pregnant women worldwide, in 2014, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of 21.7%. In the United States, 1.1 million pregnant women were obese, which represents a third of all females. Urbanization and calorie supply were found to be positively correlated with the number of overweight and obese pregnant women in high income countries.