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Atlantic slave trade

Atlantic slave trade

Phase One and Two

Fact: Some of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were people from Central and West Africa that had been sold by other West Africans to Western European slave traders, while others had been captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids; Europeans gathered and imprisoned the enslaved at forts on the African coast and then brought them to the Americas.

MLA Citation: Wright, Donald R. “The Atlantic Slave Trade.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 31, no. 1, MIT Press, 2000, pp. 73–74, doi:10.1162/002219500551505.

DOI: 10.1162/002219500551505

Quote: Moreover, data on the "middle passage" from Africa to the Americas permit startling conclusions: that how tightly or loosely shippers packed Africans on board had no great bearing on middle-passage mortality rates (time at sea was the most important variable); that different African regions of embarkation had dramatically different middle-passage mortality rates (8.6 percent for the Windward Coast; 17.4 percent for Biafra), suggesting greater and more continual ecological or political crises in some regions than in others; and that traders from any one European nation were neither more nor less humane in the treatment of Africans than any others. Phase Three

Nwokeji, G. U. “African Conceptions of Gender and the Slave Traffic.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 58, no. 1, Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 2001, pp. 47–68, doi:10.2307/2674418. Accessed on 3 Oct. 2021.

This article emphasizes how the Atlantic Slave trade impacted both genders. Additionally, the article emphasizes the concept of ethnicity when mentioning the Republic of Biafra and its contribution to the Atlantic Slave Trade. The texts project the concept of gender, as well as ethnicity. This helps us acknowledge the two diverse categories of African Slaves in the Atlantic Slave Trade.

Nwokeji, G. Ugo. The Slave Trade and Culture in the Bight of Biafra : an African Society in the Atlantic World. Cambridge University Press, 2010, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781384. Accessed on 3 Oct. 2021.

This scholarly article mentions the effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on African slaves. Both women and men were affected as they were treated horribly. Additionally, the article mentions that multiple African ethnic groups were affected by the harshness of the Atlantic Slave Trade. This evidence allows us to conclude that survival was not easy for African slaves involved in the Atlantic Slave Trade. This emphasizes the categories of gender and ethnicity of African slaves in the Atlantic Slave Trade.

Phase Four

Fact 1 Paragraph: "The few studies to take up interregional variations in the age and sex of captives follow a similar tack. One view suggests that women were sold in inland markets because they attracted higher prices there and men were moved to the coast for the same reason. Women and children were impor- tant in overseas markets only where the major provenance areas were near the coast. Transportation costs are deemed the critical factor in such deci- sions. If Atlantic markets put a lower value on women and children than on men, then women and children were not worth moving over long distances to reach those markets."

Fact 1 Summary: Women and children were one of the most important factors to the Atlantic markets, as they were sold for the highest prices during the Atlantic Slave Trade.

Fact 2 Paragraph: "Social scientists have begun to realize that much -vaunted Igbo egalitarian norms often lent themselves to abuse and that certain individuals held far more power in slave trade- era Igboland than is usually assumed. A specialized political class that exacted tribute and labor had the resources and the time to engage in "political manipulation." Sometimes, individuals fell victim simply by crossing the paths of powerful men, sometimes over the competition of women. That people were sold by " great men, who hated them" - or feared them- had been known widely among nineteenth- century Old Calabar people."

Fact 2 Summary: The concept of abuse was common during the time of the Atlantic Slave Trade among different ethnic groups in Africa.

Article Section

The number of enslaved people sold to the New World varied throughout the slave trade. In addition, women and children were one of the most important factors to the Atlantic markets, as they were sold for the highest prices during the Atlantic Slave Trade. As for the distribution of slaves from regions of activity, certain areas produced far more enslaved people than others.

The concept of abuse was common during the time of the Atlantic Slave Trade among different ethnic groups in Africa. In parts of Africa, convicted criminals could be punished by enslavement, a punishment which became more prevalent as slavery became more lucrative. Since most of these nations did not have a prison system, convicts were often sold or used in the scattered local domestic slave market.