User:Keamo Marapyana/sandbox/Adoption of E-Commerce by SMES'

= Adoption of E-Commerce by SMES' = 'Adoption of e-commerce by SMES' is the result of an initiative that was taken by enterprises to use internet to implement and use one of the leading commercial transactions known as electronic commerce or e-commerce which involves a variety of online products and services business activities which revolve around any form of business transactions where parties interact electronically instead of having direct or physical exchanges. This initiative has given enterprises leverage of performing commercial transactions and facilitating their enterprises via the internet. Focusing on small and medium enterprises orSMES, in the technology era that the world is in today, the use of both technology and internet has provided significant opportunities to an extend in which small and medium enterprises owners are embracing technology reason being that it is regarded as very essential to their business operations as smart devices and apps have been making their lives and running their enterprises easier and able to generate income online.

Although, e-commerce is considered as the most important source of competitive advantage for most small and medium sized businesses and also that implementation and use of e-commerce have gained ground and recognition SMES' in developing countries, there is major reasons as to why they relatively been falling behind with regards to adoption which one of the reason is that businesses are not ready to make a change.

E-Commerce Definition
Literature consists of numerous e-commerce definitions. The common definition of e-commerce is that e-commerce is sales and purchases of products and services offered via the internet. Other definitions state that it involves the electronic communications and digital information processing technology usage in business transactions to create, transform and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organisations and individuals.

Types of E-Commerce
There are major various types of e-commerce which are:


 * 1) Business-to-business (B2B)  - Business model that sells its products to an intermediate buyer who then     sells the product to the final customer.
 * 2) Business-to-consumer (B2C) - Business model that sells its products directly to a customer.
 * 3) Consumer-to-consumer(C2C) -  Business model where a consumer approaches a website showing multiple business organizations for a particular service.
 * 4) Business-to-government (B2G) - Business model where governments trade and exchange information with various business organizations.
 * 5) Government-to-business (G2B) - Business model where governments use websites to approach businesses. Such websites support auctions, tenders and application submission functionalities.
 * 6) Government-to-Citizen (G2C) - Business model that use websites to approach citizens in general. Such websites  support auctions of vehicles, machinery or any other material.

Timelime Evolution of E-Commerce
The following information describe the history and evolution of e-commerce.


 * 1) 1969: E-Commerce was firstly introduced by the first major e-commerce company called CompuServe     that was established by Dr. John R. Goltz and Jeffrey Wilkins using the dial-up connection.
 * 2) 1979: Electronic Shopping was invented by Michael Aldrich by connecting a transaction-processing computer with a modified TV through a telephone  connection. This was done for the purpose of transmission of secure data.
 * 3) 1982: The launch of the first e-commerce platforms by Boston Computer Exchange was done reason     being the growth of technology particularly in electronics.
 * 4) 1992: Bookstacks Unlimited Online bookstore was introduced by Charles M. Stack.
 * 5) 1994: Web browser  tool was introduced by a company called Netscape Navigator that was     established by Marc Andreessen.
 * 6) 1995: Amazon and  eBay were launched.
 * 7) 1998: A tool to make money transfers called PayPal was introduced.
 * 8) 2000: An online  advertising tool called Google ADWords was launched by Google to help retailers to use the pay-per-click context.
 * 9) 2005 to 2009:E-commerce evolved from launching Amazon Prime membership to help customers in getting free shipping at annual fee, Etsy was launched to allow SMES' to sell their goods online.
 * 10) 2011 to 2015:E-commerce continued to evolve by launching Google Wallet as the first digital payment, facebook launched retailer sponsored stories as online advertising, Stripe was launched as a company that deals with payment processing, Apple launched Apple Pay as a form of mobile payment and Jet.com was launched as an online shopping platform.
 * 11) 2017 til present:Instagram shopping was launched.